Risk factor analysis and predictive model construction for bone metastasis in newly diagnosed malignant tumor patients.

Objective: To identify risk factors for bone metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed malignant tumor and to develop a prediction model.

Methods: Clinical data from 232 patients with newly diagnosed malignant tumors were analyzed to screen for risk factors associated with bone metastasis. A nomogram prediction model was constructed using R software. The model's performance was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, Bootstrap sampling, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA).

Results: The incidence of bone metastasis in the 232 cases with newly diagnosed malignant tumors was 21.98% (51/232). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that tumor staging III-IV, lymph node metastasis, high Eastern Cancer Collaboration Group Physical Status (ECOG-PS) score, high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression, and high SII index were risk factors for bone metastasis at initial diagnosis (all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model was 0.893. Bootstrap sampling validation showed a small error of 0.017 between predicted and actual probabilities. DCA supported the utility of the model in clinical practice.

Conclusion: Bone metastasis in newly diagnosed malignant tumors is associated with advanced tumor staging, lymph node metastasis, high ECOG-PS score, elevated ALP expression, and a high SII index. A nomogram model based on these factors can effectively predict the risk of bone metastasis in these patients.