Unveiling the oncogenic significance of thymidylate synthase in human cancers.

Objective: Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) constitutes a pivotal and potent target in the context of chemoresistance. However, the oncogenic role of TYMS has received insufficient attention.

Methods: Leveraging data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and various public databases, we conducted an extensive investigation into the oncogenic role of TYMS across 33 cancer types. Subsequently, TYMS was inhibited using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in four different cell lines, and cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CellTiter-Glo and Transwell assays.

Results: TYMS exhibited pronounced expression across a spectrum of cancers and demonstrated associations with clinical outcome in diverse cancer patient cohorts. Furthermore, genetic alterations were identified as potential influencers of overall survival in specific tumor types. Notably, the expression of thymidylate synthase correlated with tumor-infiltrating CD4+ cells in select cancers. Additionally, the functional mechanism of TYMS encompassed nucleotidase activity, chromosome segregation, and DNA replication progress. In vitro experiments further substantiated these findings, demonstrating that the suppression of TYMS impeded the cell growth and invasive capabilities of HeLa, A549, 786-O, and U87_MG cells.

Conclusions: This study furnishes a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic role played by TYMS in human tumors.