Recent Advances and Future Prospects of Oxidative-Reduction Low-Triggering-Potential Electrochemiluminescence Strategy Based on Nanoparticle Luminophores

he oxidative-reduction electrochemiluminescence (ECL) potential of luminophore is one of the most significant indexes during the light generation processes to satisfy the growing demand for anti-interference analysis techniques, electrode compatibility and biological molecules damaging for the excessive excitation potential. The nanoparticle luminophores including quantum dots (QDs) and metal nanoclusters (NCs) processes tremendous potential for forming various ECL sensors due to their adjustable surface state. However, there are a few reviews focused on the nanoparticle luminophores based ECL system for low-triggering-potential (LTP) oxidative-reduction ECL to avoid the possible interference and oxidative damage of biological molecules. This review summarizes the recent advances of LTP oxidative-reduction ECL potential strategy of nanoparticle luminophores as ECL emitters, including matching efficient coreactant and nanoparticle luminophores, doping of nanoparticle luminophores, construction donor-acceptor system, choosing suitable working electrode, combining multiplex nanoparticle luminophores, and surface-engineering strategy. According to the different LTP ECL system, potential-lowing strategies and bio-related applications are discussed in detail. Moreover, the future trends and challenges of lowering ECL-triggering-potential strategies are discussed.