Green and Fast Synthesis of NiCo-MOF for Simultaneous Purification–Immobilization of Bienzyme to Catalyze the Synthesis of Ginsenoside Rh2

Traditional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) preparation is generally time-consuming, polluting, and lacking specificity for enzyme immobilization. This paper introduced a facile, rapid, and green method to produce three MOFs subsequently employed to purify and coimmobilize recombinant glycosyltransferase (UGT) and recombinant sucrose synthetase (SUSy) using histidine tag (His-tag) for the specific adsorption of Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ from MOFs. This method simplified enzyme purification from crude extracts and enabled enzymes to be reused. The results demonstrated that NiCo-MOF exhibited a higher enzyme load (115.9 mg/g) than monometallic MOFs. Additionally, the NiCo-MOF@UGT&SUSy demonstrated excellent stability and efficiently produced the rare ginsenoside Rh2 by catalyzing a coupling reaction (95.6 μg/mL), solving the problem of the substrate cost of uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG). The NiCo-MOF@UGT&SUSy retained 68.97% of the initial activity after 10 cycles. Finally, molecular docking studies elucidated the conversion mechanism of the target product Rh2. This technique is important in the industrialization of ginsenoside production and enzyme purification.