Impact of Cathodic Scaling on Electrocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants

Electrochemical technologies play an important role in the effective management of industrial wastewater. However, a persistent challenge lies in the diminished treatment efficiency stemming from the accumulation of scale formation on cathodes after prolonged operational cycles. In this study, we delve into the intricate scaling mechanisms exhibited by various cathode materials in solution. Our findings reveal that Cu and Be–Cu alloy electrodes are particularly susceptible to scaling effects, whereas Ni and Fe electrodes exhibit more resilient behavior. Furthermore, we elucidate the contribution of specific variables, such as the temperature and voltage, to the promotion of scale deposition on Cu cathode surfaces. Meanwhile, we uncover that an elevated Mg²⁺ concentration acts as an inhibitor to the growth of CaCO₃ crystals. To augment our understanding of the practical implications, we simulate a dyeing wastewater scenario and observe that the scaling process significantly influences the electrocatalytic degradation efficiencies for dyes. This comprehensive study offers profound insights into the development of anti-scaling strategies in electrochemical water treatment processes.