Advancements in Organoid Culture Technologies: Current Trends and Innovations.

Organoids have emerged as valuable tools in investigating disease mechanisms, drug efficacy, and personalized medicine due to their capacity to recapitulate crucial aspects of tissue physiology, including cell-cell interactions, heterogeneity, microenvironmental cues, and drug responses. Despite their broad applicability across various research domains, conventional organoid culture methods are plagued by several limitations that hinder research progress. These limitations include the inability to faithfully recreate tissue microenvironments, immune contexts, and vascular systems. Fortunately, ongoing advancements in organoid culture techniques are addressing these shortcomings. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current mainstream organoid culture protocols. By evaluating these protocols, researchers can identify the most suitable experimental methods, thereby optimizing resource allocation and experimental outcomes.