Factors affecting marriage and pregnancy/childbirth among women physicians in Japan.

Background: Previous studies have not elucidated the factors affecting marriage and pregnancy/childbirth. This study identifies whether work characteristics and conditions affect marriage and pregnancy/childbirth among women physicians.

Methods: This nationwide survey was conducted on women members of three major Japanese medical societies: internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, and surgery.

Results: A total of 7747 women participated in this study. Although the mean age at marriage was the same, the age at the first childbirth in all specialties, especially in surgery, was significantly higher than that for the general Japanese population. In addition, being in a junior position, being board-certified, and working in a workplace other than a university hospital were positively associated with the experience of pregnancy/childbirth, whereas working hours showed no impact.

Conclusions: We should change the mindset regarding pregnancy/childbirth and build effective strategies in academic institutions to improve the environment for safer pregnancy/childbirth while advancing careers.