Factors affecting the oral health of patients in intensive care units: a prospective observational study.

Background: In the intensive care unit (ICU), oral flora changes and bacterial growth starts, negatively affecting oral health.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the status of the oral mucus membranes of patients in ICUs and the factors affecting oral health.

Methods: A descriptive and correlation design was used. The study included 151 patients in ICUs for five consecutive days. The assessments were performed using the Patient Form, Eilers Oral Health Assessment Scores and the Oral Health Assessment Chart.

Results: Decayed teeth, magnesium levels and Glasgow coma scale were found to be effective in the first day oral health change of ICU patients and explained 22% of the oral health change, respectively. Age, decayed teeth, number of drugs used and Glasgow coma scale were found to be effective in the change in oral health of ICU patients on the fifth day and explained 35% of the change in oral health.

Conclusions: Oral mucus membranes should be assessed closely and systematically in all critically ill patients who are of advanced age and are receiving a small number of medications, with a history of hyperglycaemia, high BUN, low albumin, hypocalcaemia, low Glasgow Coma Scale and decayed teeth.