Elena Pilli, Stefania Vai, Victoria C Moses, Stefania Morelli, Martina Lari, Alessandra Modi, Maria Angela Diroma, Valeria Amoretti, Gabriel Zuchtriegel, Massimo Osanna, Douglas J Kennett, Richard J George, John Krigbaum, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, David Caramelli, David Reich, Alissa Mittnik
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引用次数: 0
摘要
公元 79 年的索玛-维苏威火山爆发掩埋了附近的几个罗马城镇,造成居民死亡,并将一系列独特的民用和私人建筑、纪念碑、雕塑、绘画和马赛克掩埋在浮石和火山灰沉积物之下,为人们提供了丰富的帝国生活图景。火山爆发还保留了许多濒临死亡的人的形体,因为火山灰压实了他们的身体。虽然软组织已经腐烂,但尸体的轮廓依然存在,几个世纪后,发掘者用石膏填充了空洞,从而复原了这些尸体。我们从石膏中嵌入的骨骼材料中生成了全基因组古代 DNA 和锶同位素数据,以描述五个个体的遗传关系、性别、祖先和流动性。我们发现,这些个体的性别和家庭关系与传统的解释并不一致,这说明现代人对性别行为的假设可能并不是观察过去数据的可靠视角。例如,一个戴着金手镯、膝上坐着一个孩子的成年人--通常被解释为母亲和孩子--在遗传学上是一个与孩子没有生物学关系的成年男性。同样,一对被认为相拥而死的人--通常被解释为姐妹--在基因上至少包括一名男性。所有有全基因组数据的庞贝人的祖先都主要来自地中海东部的新移民,这在同时代罗马城的古代基因组中也可以看到,突出了这一时期罗马帝国的世界性。
Ancient DNA challenges prevailing interpretations of the Pompeii plaster casts.
The eruption of Somma-Vesuvius in 79 CE buried several nearby Roman towns, killing the inhabitants and burying under pumice lapilli and ash deposits a unique set of civil and private buildings, monuments, sculptures, paintings, and mosaics that provide a rich picture of life in the empire. The eruption also preserved the forms of many of the dying as the ash compacted around their bodies. Although the soft tissue decayed, the outlines of the bodies remained and were recovered by excavators centuries later by filling the cavities with plaster. From skeletal material embedded in the casts, we generated genome-wide ancient DNA and strontium isotopic data to characterize the genetic relationships, sex, ancestry, and mobility of five individuals. We show that the individuals' sexes and family relationships do not match traditional interpretations, exemplifying how modern assumptions about gendered behaviors may not be reliable lenses through which to view data from the past. For example, an adult wearing a golden bracelet with a child on their lap-often interpreted as mother and child-is genetically an adult male biologically unrelated to the child. Similarly, a pair of individuals who were thought to have died in an embrace-often interpreted as sisters-included at least one genetic male. All Pompeiians with genome-wide data consistently derive their ancestry largely from recent immigrants from the eastern Mediterranean, as has also been seen in contemporaneous ancient genomes from the city of Rome, underscoring the cosmopolitanism of the Roman Empire in this period.
期刊介绍:
Current Biology is a comprehensive journal that showcases original research in various disciplines of biology. It provides a platform for scientists to disseminate their groundbreaking findings and promotes interdisciplinary communication. The journal publishes articles of general interest, encompassing diverse fields of biology. Moreover, it offers accessible editorial pieces that are specifically designed to enlighten non-specialist readers.