A flexible self-powered occlusal force sensor array for assisting oral occlusion reconstruction

Occlusal force is increasingly being recognized as a key parameter for evaluating masticatory motor dysfunction and the effectiveness of dental management in patients. However, the evaluation of occlusal force lacks objective quantitative assessment and reliable monitoring techniques. Here, a flexible self-powered sensor array is proposed for real-time monitoring occlusal force to further assist in oral occlusion reconstruction. Employing the triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the battery-free sensor succeeds in effectively capturing static and dynamic occlusal forces from teeth and converting them into accurate and quantitative electrical signals. With an average sensitivity of 0.72 volts per Newton and a response time of 15 ms, the sensor features excellent synchronicity in electro-mechanical conversion and durability. Furthermore, the sensor array, based on complementary semicircular electrodes (15 × 15 pixels), enables the construction of visualized electrical signals mapping, which can reflect the intensity and location of occlusal force. The patterned electrical signal distribution can then be analyzed by researchers, providing a quantitative reference for clinical crown restoration. We expect this self-powered sensor array to enrich the approaches of occlusal force detection and provide valuable assistance for the reconstruction of oral occlusion.