人类文化具有独特的开放性,而非独特的累积性

IF 21.4 1区 心理学 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES
Thomas J. H. Morgan, Marcus W. Feldman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于人类如何在生态学上占据主导地位的理论越来越多地集中在人类文化的适应能力及其累积变化和高保真传播的能力上。在这里,我们通过比较人类文化与动物文化以及表观遗传和亲代效应的案例,重新审视了这一假设。我们首先得出结论,累积变化和高保真传播并不像之前认为的那样是人类文化所独有的,因此它们不太可能解释人类文化的适应性特质。然后,我们评估了七种替代解释的证据:后天特征的遗传、遗传途径、变异的非随机产生、可遗传变异的范围、对生物体适存性的影响、对遗传适存性的影响以及对进化动态的影响。由此,我们确定了人类文化变异的开放性范围,这是一个关键但普遍被忽视的现象。最后,我们就这种开放性的认知基础提出了一个假设。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Human culture is uniquely open-ended rather than uniquely cumulative

Human culture is uniquely open-ended rather than uniquely cumulative

Theories of how humans came to be so ecologically dominant increasingly centre on the adaptive abilities of human culture and its capacity for cumulative change and high-fidelity transmission. Here we revisit this hypothesis by comparing human culture with animal cultures and cases of epigenetic inheritance and parental effects. We first conclude that cumulative change and high transmission fidelity are not unique to human culture as previously thought, and so they are unlikely to explain its adaptive qualities. We then evaluate the evidence for seven alternative explanations: the inheritance of acquired characters, the pathways of inheritance, the non-random generation of variation, the scope of heritable variation, effects on organismal fitness, effects on genetic fitness and effects on evolutionary dynamics. From these, we identify the open-ended scope of human cultural variation as a key, but generally neglected, phenomenon. We end by articulating a hypothesis for the cognitive basis of this open-endedness.

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来源期刊
Nature Human Behaviour
Nature Human Behaviour Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
36.80
自引率
1.00%
发文量
227
期刊介绍: Nature Human Behaviour is a journal that focuses on publishing research of outstanding significance into any aspect of human behavior.The research can cover various areas such as psychological, biological, and social bases of human behavior.It also includes the study of origins, development, and disorders related to human behavior.The primary aim of the journal is to increase the visibility of research in the field and enhance its societal reach and impact.
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