颗粒物暴露及其对实验模型海马神经发生和认知功能的影响

IF 7.6 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Charu Jaiswal, Abhishek Kumar Singh
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引用次数: 0

摘要

据认为,接触空气污染每年在全球造成数百万人死亡。根据世界卫生组织 2018 年的数据,每年约有 700 万人主要死于空气污染导致的非传染性疾病。暴露于空气颗粒物 2.5(PM2.5)与死亡率增加密切相关,并对大脑健康产生重大影响。空气污染,尤其是超细颗粒物,已成为严重的环境问题,对人类健康有着深远的影响。对动物模型的研究表明,在妊娠期接触这些污染物会影响产前和产后的大脑发育。特别是,空气污染已被越来越多地确认为潜在的致病因素,因为它会影响大脑海马区的神经发生。海马极易受到可吸入颗粒物的影响,该区域结构或功能的任何改变都会通过氧化应激、小胶质细胞激活、神经元死亡和基因差异表达导致各种神经发育缺陷和神经退行性疾病。神经发生过程包括多个步骤,如增殖、分化、迁移、突触发生和神经元发生。如果神经发生过程中的任何一步受到环境暴露或其他因素的阻碍,就会导致神经发育缺陷、神经退行性疾病和认知能力下降。造成这些变化的一个重要因素是空气污染,它是全球最主要的环境风险因素。一些最常见的影响包括氧化应激、神经炎症、抑郁行为、认知过程改变和小胶质细胞活化。本综述探讨了产前和产后接触可吸入颗粒物对大脑海马区的影响以及与接触可吸入颗粒物有关的缺陷。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Particulate matter exposure and its consequences on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in experimental models

Particulate matter exposure and its consequences on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in experimental models

Particulate matter exposure and its consequences on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function in experimental models
Exposure to air pollution is thought to cause millions of deaths globally each year. According to the Who 2018, approximately 7 million deaths annually are caused predominantly by noncommunicable diseases due to air pollution. Exposure to air particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been strongly associated with increased mortality and has significant effects on brain health. Air pollution, particularly ultrafine particulate matter, has emerged as a serious environmental concern with profound implications for human health. Studies in animal models have indicated that exposure to these pollutants during gestational development impacts prenatal and postnatal brain development. In particular, air pollution has been increasingly identified as a potential causative factor, as it affects neurogenesis in the brain's hippocampal region. The hippocampus is highly vulnerable to PM exposure, and any alteration in the structure or function of this region leads to various neurodevelopmental defects and neurodegenerative disorders via oxidative stress, microglial activation, neuronal death, and differential expression of genes. The neurogenesis process involves several steps, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, synaptogenesis, and neuritogenesis. If any step of the neurogenesis process is hampered by environmental exposure or other factors, it can lead to neurodevelopmental defects, neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitive decline. One significant contributor to these alterations is air pollution, which ranks as the leading environmental risk factor worldwide. Some of the most common effects include oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, depressive behavior, altered cognitive processes, and microglial activation. This review explores how prenatal and postnatal PM exposure affects the hippocampal regions of the brain and the defects associated with exposure.
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来源期刊
Environmental Pollution
Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
16.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
2082
审稿时长
2.9 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.
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