Hydrodynamic and temperature profile analysis in a gas-solid fluidized bed with liquid atomization to convert fructose to value-added chemicals

Carbohydrates specified C6 sugars dehydrate to produce platform chemicals like 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural that further oxidize to chemicals 2,5-diformyl furan and 2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid. Here we propose a gas-phase in which a two-fluid nozzle atomizes a 0:1

fructose in water solution into a fluidized bed of Mo–V–

/

. However, the imperfect interaction between droplet and catalyst increases the agglomeration, which destroys the heat transfer efficiency and hydrodynamic stability. We evaluated the temperature and gas residence time distribution in catalytic bed to improve reaction and process performance by modifying the bed temperature, bed height, and gas velocity. A high mass of catalyst (>

) degrades fructose and reduces the selectivity. At

temperature distributes homogeneously within bed and with time on process it shifts toward higher values. Velocity in the range of

to

yields product with the highest selectivity (16%). These results demonstrate the potential of optimizing gas-phase catalytic processes to improve the selective production of platform chemicals from carbohydrates, supporting more sustainable chemical manufacturing.