On modeling and enhancing walkability: A review of transport planning and network design elements

Walking, as a transportation mode, not only promotes individual well-being but also contributes to environmental sustainability. Though often neglected in the transport planning process that focuses primarily on motorized transport, the benefits of walking have recently renewed interests to enhance walkability. With the thematic focus on transport planning and network design, this paper first introduces a conceptual bi-level network design framework for enhancing walkability. Following the framework, we then conduct a thematic review focusing on modeling and enhancing walkability through transport planning and design elements. The identified studies are synthesized by answering the systematic classification scheme (SCS) questions. While recognizing the progress that has been achieved by previous studies, we conclude by exposing the challenges that remain and thereafter identifying potential directions for transportation research.