文化如何影响本质主义信念的早期发展。

IF 3.1 1区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Yian Xu, Michelle Wang, Kelsey Moty, Marjorie Rhodes
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们代表着由内在本质决定的许多类别及其特征。这些本质主义信念反映了对世界的偏见,会阻碍科学推理并助长社会偏见。为了研究这种本质主义观点在多大程度上源于文化过程,本研究测试了在美国和中国成长的儿童(人数=531;年龄3-6岁)的本质主义信念的发展轨迹。本质主义信念在两个社区的幼儿期都出现过,但其具体化和发展轨迹因文化而异。在美国(而非中国)的样本中,认为类别及其特征是天生固定且不灵活的本质主义信念随着年龄的增长而增加。另一方面,在中国的样本中,儿童更相信范畴是客观的、可解释的,而且随着年龄的增长,他们认为范畴更具有同质性。这两种背景下的儿童在基本的解释、语言和推理过程中也表现出差异,这表明本质主义在儿童期发展的文化差异可能反映了儿童在建立世界直觉理论时所依赖的基本概念偏差的差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How Culture Shapes the Early Development of Essentialist Beliefs

People represent many categories and their features as determined by intrinsic essences. These essentialist beliefs reflect biased views of the world that can hinder scientific reasoning and contribute to social prejudice. To consider the extent to which such essentialist views originate from culturally-situated processes, the present study tested the developmental trajectories of essentialist beliefs among children growing up in the United States and China (N = 531; ages 3–6). Essentialist beliefs emerged across early childhood in both communities, but their instantiation and trajectories varied across cultures. In the sample from the United States (but not from China), essentialist beliefs that categories and their features are fixed-at-birth and inflexible increased across age. On the other hand, in the sample from China, children held stronger beliefs that categories are objective and explanatory and viewed them as more homogenous with age. Children sampled from these two contexts also showed variation in basic explanatory, linguistic, and inferential processes, suggesting that cultural variation in the development of essentialism across childhood might reflect variation in the basic conceptual biases that children rely on to build intuitive theories of the world.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
8.10%
发文量
132
期刊介绍: Developmental Science publishes cutting-edge theory and up-to-the-minute research on scientific developmental psychology from leading thinkers in the field. It is currently the only journal that specifically focuses on human developmental cognitive neuroscience. Coverage includes: - Clinical, computational and comparative approaches to development - Key advances in cognitive and social development - Developmental cognitive neuroscience - Functional neuroimaging of the developing brain
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