Computed tomography enterography radiomics and machine learning for identification of Crohn's disease.

Background: Crohn's disease is a severe chronic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Although contrast-enhanced computed tomography enterography is commonly used to evaluate crohn's disease, its imaging findings are often nonspecific and can overlap with other bowel diseases. Recent studies have explored the application of radiomics-based machine learning algorithms to aid in the diagnosis of medical images. This study aims to develop a non-invasive method for detecting bowel lesions associated with Crohn's disease using CT enterography radiomics and machine learning algorithms.

Methods: A total of 139 patients with pathologically confirmed Crohn's disease were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Radiomics features were extracted from both arterial- and venous-phase CT enterography images, representing both bowel lesions with Crohn's disease and segments of normal bowel. A machine learning classification system was constructed by combining six selected radiomics features with eight classification algorithms. The models were trained using leave-one-out cross-validation and evaluated for accuracy.

Results: The classification model demonstrated robust performance and high accuracy, with an area under the curve of 0.938 and 0.961 for the arterial- and venous-phase images, respectively. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.938 for arterial-phase images and 0.961 for venous-phase images.

Conclusions: This study successfully identified a radiomics machine learning method that effectively differentiates Crohn's disease bowel lesions from normal bowel segments. Further studies with larger sample sizes and external cohorts are needed to validate these findings.