Yunqing Zhang, Ruideng Wang, Zhengyang Chen, Fang Zhou, Shilong Su
{"title":"教育程度、大脑皮层结构和肌肉疏松症：孟德尔随机研究。","authors":"Yunqing Zhang, Ruideng Wang, Zhengyang Chen, Fang Zhou, Shilong Su","doi":"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415343","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous observational studies have suggested associations between high-level educational attainment (EA) and a lower risk of sarcopenia. However, the causality inferred from those studies was subjected to residual confounding and reverse causation. The protective effect of EA on sarcopenia may be mediated via changes in brain cortical structure. The aim of this study was to use a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to illustrate the causal relationship between EA, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance level were obtained from publicly available datasets, and inverse variance weighted as the primary method was used for MR analysis. We perform several sensitivity analyses, including Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier to evaluate the reliability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EA was causally associated with increased appendicular lean mass (<i>β</i> = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19 to 0.31, <i>p</i> = 2.25 × 10<sup>-15</sup>), hand grip strength (left: <i>β</i> = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.071, <i>p</i> = 4.77 × 10<sup>-3</sup> and right: <i>β</i> = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.022 to 0.079, <i>p</i> = 5.17 × 10<sup>-4</sup>), and usual walking pace (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.22, <i>p</i> = 6.16 × 10<sup>-83</sup>). In addition, EA was associated with increased brain cortical surface area (<i>β</i> = 4082.36, 95% CI: 2513.35 to 5681.38, <i>p</i> = 3.40 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and cortical thickness (TH) (<i>β</i> = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.0045 to 0.023, <i>p</i> = 3.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Regarding the causal effect of EA on usual walking pace, the mediatory effect of TH was 0.0069 and the proportion of mediation by TH was 3.43%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study will have revealed the protective causal effect of EA on sarcopenia, which provides a reference for the prevention of sarcopenia at the public health level. We also will have found EA could affect the brain cortical structure, and the brain cortical structure could mediate the protective effect of EA against sarcopenia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":12548,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Public Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538070/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Educational attainment, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomization study.\",\"authors\":\"Yunqing Zhang, Ruideng Wang, Zhengyang Chen, Fang Zhou, Shilong Su\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415343\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous observational studies have suggested associations between high-level educational attainment (EA) and a lower risk of sarcopenia. However, the causality inferred from those studies was subjected to residual confounding and reverse causation. The protective effect of EA on sarcopenia may be mediated via changes in brain cortical structure. The aim of this study was to use a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to illustrate the causal relationship between EA, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance level were obtained from publicly available datasets, and inverse variance weighted as the primary method was used for MR analysis. We perform several sensitivity analyses, including Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier to evaluate the reliability of the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EA was causally associated with increased appendicular lean mass (<i>β</i> = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19 to 0.31, <i>p</i> = 2.25 × 10<sup>-15</sup>), hand grip strength (left: <i>β</i> = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.071, <i>p</i> = 4.77 × 10<sup>-3</sup> and right: <i>β</i> = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.022 to 0.079, <i>p</i> = 5.17 × 10<sup>-4</sup>), and usual walking pace (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.22, <i>p</i> = 6.16 × 10<sup>-83</sup>). In addition, EA was associated with increased brain cortical surface area (<i>β</i> = 4082.36, 95% CI: 2513.35 to 5681.38, <i>p</i> = 3.40 × 10<sup>-7</sup>) and cortical thickness (TH) (<i>β</i> = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.0045 to 0.023, <i>p</i> = 3.45 × 10<sup>-3</sup>). Regarding the causal effect of EA on usual walking pace, the mediatory effect of TH was 0.0069 and the proportion of mediation by TH was 3.43%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study will have revealed the protective causal effect of EA on sarcopenia, which provides a reference for the prevention of sarcopenia at the public health level. We also will have found EA could affect the brain cortical structure, and the brain cortical structure could mediate the protective effect of EA against sarcopenia risk.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12548,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Frontiers in Public Health\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538070/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Frontiers in Public Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415343\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/1/1 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"eCollection\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Frontiers in Public Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415343","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
Educational attainment, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia: a Mendelian randomization study.
Background: Previous observational studies have suggested associations between high-level educational attainment (EA) and a lower risk of sarcopenia. However, the causality inferred from those studies was subjected to residual confounding and reverse causation. The protective effect of EA on sarcopenia may be mediated via changes in brain cortical structure. The aim of this study was to use a two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to illustrate the causal relationship between EA, brain cortical structure, and sarcopenia.
Methods: Instrumental variables at the genome-wide significance level were obtained from publicly available datasets, and inverse variance weighted as the primary method was used for MR analysis. We perform several sensitivity analyses, including Cochran Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, leave-one-out analyses, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier to evaluate the reliability of the results.
Results: EA was causally associated with increased appendicular lean mass (β = 0.25, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19 to 0.31, p = 2.25 × 10-15), hand grip strength (left: β = 0.042, 95% CI: 0.013 to 0.071, p = 4.77 × 10-3 and right: β = 0.050, 95% CI: 0.022 to 0.079, p = 5.17 × 10-4), and usual walking pace (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.18 to 0.22, p = 6.16 × 10-83). In addition, EA was associated with increased brain cortical surface area (β = 4082.36, 95% CI: 2513.35 to 5681.38, p = 3.40 × 10-7) and cortical thickness (TH) (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.0045 to 0.023, p = 3.45 × 10-3). Regarding the causal effect of EA on usual walking pace, the mediatory effect of TH was 0.0069 and the proportion of mediation by TH was 3.43%.
Conclusion: The study will have revealed the protective causal effect of EA on sarcopenia, which provides a reference for the prevention of sarcopenia at the public health level. We also will have found EA could affect the brain cortical structure, and the brain cortical structure could mediate the protective effect of EA against sarcopenia risk.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Public Health is a multidisciplinary open-access journal which publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research and is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians, policy makers and the public worldwide. The journal aims at overcoming current fragmentation in research and publication, promoting consistency in pursuing relevant scientific themes, and supporting finding dissemination and translation into practice.
Frontiers in Public Health is organized into Specialty Sections that cover different areas of research in the field. Please refer to the author guidelines for details on article types and the submission process.
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