COVID-19 疾病和后 Covid 综合征的神经精神表现:N-乙酰半胱氨酸和乙酰-L-肉碱的作用

IF 4.8 2区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Tommaso Barlattani, Giuseppe Celenza, Alessandro Cavatassi, Franco Minutillo, Valentina Socci, Carolina Pinci, Riccardo Santini, Francesca Pacitti
{"title":"COVID-19 疾病和后 Covid 综合征的神经精神表现:N-乙酰半胱氨酸和乙酰-L-肉碱的作用","authors":"Tommaso Barlattani, Giuseppe Celenza, Alessandro Cavatassi, Franco Minutillo, Valentina Socci, Carolina Pinci, Riccardo Santini, Francesca Pacitti","doi":"10.2174/011570159X343115241030094848","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anosmia, anxiety, depression, stress-related reactions, and psychoses. The illness can cause persistent cognitive impairment and \"brain fog\", suggesting chronic brain involvement. Clinical entities of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) mainly present neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dysgeusia, headache, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related brain damage is unclear, but it is linked to various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, impaired glutamate homeostasis, glial and glymphatic damage, and hippocampal degeneration. Noteworthy is that the metabotropic receptor mGluR2 was discovered as a mechanism of internalisation of SARS-CoV-2 in Central Nervous System (CNS) cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) are two supplements that have already been found effective in treating psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, NAC showed evidence in relieving cognitive symptomatology in PCS, and ALC was found effective in treating depressive symptomatology of PCS. The overlapping effects on the glutamatergic system of ALC and NAC could help treat COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms and PCS, acting through different mechanisms on the xc-mGluR2 network, with potentially synergistic effects on chronic pain and neuro-astrocyte protection. This paper aims to summarise the current evidence on the potential therapeutic role of NAC and ALC, providing an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. It proposes a pathophysiological model explaining the effectiveness of NAC and ALC in treating COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10905,"journal":{"name":"Current Neuropharmacology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease and Post Covid Syndrome: The Role of N Acetyl-cysteine and Acetyl-L-carnitine.\",\"authors\":\"Tommaso Barlattani, Giuseppe Celenza, Alessandro Cavatassi, Franco Minutillo, Valentina Socci, Carolina Pinci, Riccardo Santini, Francesca Pacitti\",\"doi\":\"10.2174/011570159X343115241030094848\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>COVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anosmia, anxiety, depression, stress-related reactions, and psychoses. The illness can cause persistent cognitive impairment and \\\"brain fog\\\", suggesting chronic brain involvement. Clinical entities of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) mainly present neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dysgeusia, headache, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related brain damage is unclear, but it is linked to various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, impaired glutamate homeostasis, glial and glymphatic damage, and hippocampal degeneration. Noteworthy is that the metabotropic receptor mGluR2 was discovered as a mechanism of internalisation of SARS-CoV-2 in Central Nervous System (CNS) cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) are two supplements that have already been found effective in treating psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, NAC showed evidence in relieving cognitive symptomatology in PCS, and ALC was found effective in treating depressive symptomatology of PCS. The overlapping effects on the glutamatergic system of ALC and NAC could help treat COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms and PCS, acting through different mechanisms on the xc-mGluR2 network, with potentially synergistic effects on chronic pain and neuro-astrocyte protection. This paper aims to summarise the current evidence on the potential therapeutic role of NAC and ALC, providing an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. It proposes a pathophysiological model explaining the effectiveness of NAC and ALC in treating COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10905,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Current Neuropharmacology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Current Neuropharmacology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X343115241030094848\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Current Neuropharmacology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2174/011570159X343115241030094848","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

COVID-19 与神经精神症状有关,如嗅觉障碍、焦虑、抑郁、压力相关反应和精神病。这种疾病会导致持续性认知障碍和 "脑雾",表明大脑受到慢性累及。症状持续存在的 COVID-19 和 COVID 后综合征(PCS)的临床实体主要表现为神经精神症状,如嗅觉障碍、头痛、疲劳、焦虑、抑郁、睡眠障碍和创伤后应激障碍。COVID-19 相关脑损伤的病理生理学尚不清楚,但它与炎症、氧化应激、免疫失调、谷氨酸平衡受损、神经胶质和糖皮质损伤以及海马变性等多种机制有关。值得注意的是,人们发现代谢受体 mGluR2 是 SARS-CoV-2 在中枢神经系统(CNS)细胞中内化的一种机制。N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)和乙酰-L-肉碱(ALC)这两种补充剂已被发现对治疗精神疾病有效。此外,有证据表明 NAC 可缓解 PCS 患者的认知症状,而 ALC 则可有效治疗 PCS 患者的抑郁症状。ALC 和 NAC 对谷氨酸能系统的重叠效应有助于治疗 COVID-19 精神病症状和 PCS,它们通过不同的机制作用于 xc-mGluR2 网络,并可能对慢性疼痛和神经-胃细胞保护产生协同效应。本文旨在总结有关 NAC 和 ALC 潜在治疗作用的现有证据,概述其基本分子机制和病理生理学。本文提出了一个病理生理学模型,解释了 NAC 和 ALC 在治疗 COVID-19 相关神经精神症状方面的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19 Disease and Post Covid Syndrome: The Role of N Acetyl-cysteine and Acetyl-L-carnitine.

COVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anosmia, anxiety, depression, stress-related reactions, and psychoses. The illness can cause persistent cognitive impairment and "brain fog", suggesting chronic brain involvement. Clinical entities of ongoing symptomatic COVID-19 and Post COVID Syndrome (PCS) mainly present neuropsychiatric symptoms such as dysgeusia, headache, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related brain damage is unclear, but it is linked to various mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, impaired glutamate homeostasis, glial and glymphatic damage, and hippocampal degeneration. Noteworthy is that the metabotropic receptor mGluR2 was discovered as a mechanism of internalisation of SARS-CoV-2 in Central Nervous System (CNS) cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) are two supplements that have already been found effective in treating psychiatric conditions. Furthermore, NAC showed evidence in relieving cognitive symptomatology in PCS, and ALC was found effective in treating depressive symptomatology of PCS. The overlapping effects on the glutamatergic system of ALC and NAC could help treat COVID-19 psychiatric symptoms and PCS, acting through different mechanisms on the xc-mGluR2 network, with potentially synergistic effects on chronic pain and neuro-astrocyte protection. This paper aims to summarise the current evidence on the potential therapeutic role of NAC and ALC, providing an overview of the underlying molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology. It proposes a pathophysiological model explaining the effectiveness of NAC and ALC in treating COVID-19-related neuropsychiatric symptoms.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Current Neuropharmacology
Current Neuropharmacology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
8.70
自引率
1.90%
发文量
369
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Neuropharmacology aims to provide current, comprehensive/mini reviews and guest edited issues of all areas of neuropharmacology and related matters of neuroscience. The reviews cover the fields of molecular, cellular, and systems/behavioural aspects of neuropharmacology and neuroscience. The journal serves as a comprehensive, multidisciplinary expert forum for neuropharmacologists and neuroscientists.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信