Numerical investigation of free convection inside square wavy enclosure using response surface methodology

Free convection is commonly applied in various engineering fields such as solar energy, electronic devices, nuclear energy, and heat exchangers. A computational simulation was used to analyze the natural heat transfer through convection in a wavy cavity with squared shape that was filled with tap water and saturated metal foam to assess the influence of hump configuration (square, triangle, circular, down semicircular, and up semicircular) and magnetic fields (magnetohydrodynamics) on heat transfer rate. The bottom wavy wall of the enclosure exhibits a high temperature (T_h), whereas the top and side walls maintain a low temperature (T_c). The present paper will examine how the bottom wall hump number (N), aspect ratio (L), geometry inclination angle (θ), Hartman number (Ha), magnetic field intensity inclination angle (ɤ) affects the heat transfer rate at various Rayleigh numbers. When the circular hump design is used with specific parameters, including ɛ = 0.85, L = 1.25, N = 4, T_c = 0°C, θ = 0°, Ha = 600 and ɤ = 45°, for different Ra values, it leads to increased heat transfer and notable improvements in heat transfer enhancement (ɸ) and energy enhancement (e). The enhancements were measured at 2.5 times for heat transfer enhancement and 8.9 times for energy enhancement. Moreover, the ideal case of the current study had Ha = 600, L = 1.25, Ra = 30 × 10³, and θ = 0° compared to the baseline case. Simulations were accomplished using CFD. The results demonstrate that the primary goal of the research was achieved by optimizing the design, leading to a significant improvement in hydrothermal performance for both ɸ = 2.5 and e = 8.9.