Decoupling interface effects on surface wave transition

Surface waves have been used as a paradigm for pattern formation and hold significant potential for applications such as materials micro-molding and stability control of tankers. While the theory of unbounded surface waves has been extensively studied, challenges to control surface waves in containers persist due to the unknown isolated influences of interface parameters. In this work, we prepared a series of containers with various interface parameters through surface modifications. The relationship between surface waves and interface parameters was analyzed spatially and temporally using surface wave profile analyses and proper orthogonal decomposition methods. The effect from a single interface parameter in surface wave transition from harmonic to sub-harmonic waves was decoupled through energy analyses and mechanical force apparatus. It is revealed that an increase in bottom wall adhesion force, side wall curvature, or movement of the contact line could all lead to a corresponding increase in the transition threshold. This work might provide basis for understanding and controlling surface wave transition using a delicate combination of interface parameters.