Retrospective Review of Spinal Cord Compression Occurrences and Management in Children With Relapsed, Progressing, or Refractory Malignancies

Background

Spinal cord compression (SCC) is a severe complication in pediatric patients with relapsed, progressing, or refractory solid malignancies. This study aims to report the presentation, treatment, and role of proactive radiation therapy in these patients.

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed 28 patients with relapsed, progressing, or refractory solid tumors who were referred for radiation therapy consultation due to potential (impending) or actual spinal cord compression (pSCC and aSCC, respectively) over a 12-year period. Collected data included disease characteristics, details of SCC events, management approaches, and patient outcomes.

Results

Among the 28 patients, 34 SCC events were identified (18 pSCC, 16 aSCC), with neuroblastoma being the most frequent diagnosis (46.4%). No significant differences were noted between pSCC and aSCC groups in pre-event imaging follow-up, age distribution, or malignancy status at SCC presentation. However, aSCC patients exhibited significantly more symptoms at diagnosis. Both groups received SCC-targeted therapy, with no significant differences in functional outcomes, event-free survival (EFS), or overall survival (OS). Pain assessments post treatment showed comparable improvements in both groups.

Conclusions

Proactive radiotherapy for pSCC did not yield superior outcomes compared to reactive treatment for aSCC. Given the limited benefits observed, proactive RT should be considered on an individual basis, balancing potential QoL improvements against treatment burdens. Further research in larger cohorts is necessary to refine therapeutic strategies for SCC in pediatric oncology.