适应个体差异:异质人群语言进化的实验研究》。

IF 2.3 2区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Mathilde Josserand, François Pellegrino, Oxana Grosseck, Dan Dediu, Limor Raviv
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在任何特定人群中,语言能力、语言使用和语言风格的差异都是普遍存在的。虽然有关语言进化的研究历来忽视这种个体差异的潜在重要性,但这些差异对语言进化的轨迹和持续变化有着重要影响。为了弥补这一不足,我们在实验室中利用群体交流游戏来研究这一机制,在这个游戏中,互动参与者组成的微型群体会开发并使用人工语言来成功地相互交流。重要的是,小组中的一名参与者会被分配到一个字母数量有限的键盘(模拟个人在现实生活中可能遇到的语言障碍),迫使他们以不同于其他人的方式进行交流。我们测试了语言在这种异质群体中是如何演变的,以及它们是否适应了具有语言特异性的个体的独特特征。我们的研究结果表明,在一些个体具有独特语言能力的群体中,语言的进化方式是不同的,它们以降低交流成功率和趋同性为代价,激发出更多的创新元素。此外,我们还观察到少数个体对特定伙伴的强烈适应性,这种适应性会延续到群体层面。重要的是,整个群体的适应程度并不一致,而是取决于参与者对既定语言形式的依恋程度。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据,表明个体差异可以在语言群体中渗透和积累,最终随着时间的推移推动语言的变化。这些发现还强调了将个体差异纳入未来语言进化研究的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adapting to Individual Differences: An Experimental Study of Language Evolution in Heterogeneous Populations

Variations in language abilities, use, and production style are ubiquitous within any given population. While research on language evolution has traditionally overlooked the potential importance of such individual differences, these can have an important impact on the trajectory of language evolution and ongoing change. To address this gap, we use a group communication game for studying this mechanism in the lab, in which micro-societies of interacting participants develop and use artificial languages to successfully communicate with each other. Importantly, one participant in the group is assigned a keyboard with a limited inventory of letters (simulating a speech impairment that individuals may encounter in real life), forcing them to communicate differently than the rest. We test how languages evolve in such heterogeneous groups and whether they adapt to accommodate the unique characteristics of individuals with language idiosyncrasies. Our results suggest that language evolves differently in groups where some individuals have distinct language abilities, eliciting more innovative elements at the cost of reduced communicative success and convergence. Furthermore, we observed strong partner-specific accommodation to the minority individual, which carried over to the group level. Importantly, the degree of group-wide adaptation was not uniform and depended on participants’ attachment to established language forms. Our findings provide compelling evidence that individual differences can permeate and accumulate within a linguistic community, ultimately driving changes in languages over time. They also underscore the importance of integrating individual differences into future research on language evolution.

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来源期刊
Cognitive Science
Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
8.00%
发文量
139
期刊介绍: Cognitive Science publishes articles in all areas of cognitive science, covering such topics as knowledge representation, inference, memory processes, learning, problem solving, planning, perception, natural language understanding, connectionism, brain theory, motor control, intentional systems, and other areas of interdisciplinary concern. Highest priority is given to research reports that are specifically written for a multidisciplinary audience. The audience is primarily researchers in cognitive science and its associated fields, including anthropologists, education researchers, psychologists, philosophers, linguists, computer scientists, neuroscientists, and roboticists.
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