新加坡 2 型糖尿病风险交流数字工具的代码设计:定性参与式行动研究方法。

IF 2 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Jumana Hashim, Lidia Luna Puerta, Pin Sym Foong, E Shyong Tai, Huso Yi, Helen Elizabeth Smith
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:糖尿病是全球严重的公共卫生问题。尽管公共卫生机构努力鼓励对 2 型糖尿病(T2D)高风险人群进行早期筛查,并提高对有效干预措施的认识,但将预防行为融入个人日常生活的效果仍不理想。成功、准确地提高风险意识已被证明能增强行为意向:本研究旨在通过公众参与者的参与,对 T2D 风险交流工具进行编码设计,以(1)确定有助于形成有效风险交流工具的关键特征;(2)进行测试和迭代,以开发出具有文化敏感性和意义的风险交流工具,从而激发 T2D 预防行为:我们采用了一种新颖的方法--"患者和公众参与(PPI)小贩",在当地居民经常光顾的小贩中心和公共食堂接触顾客,以评估和测试该工具的三个原型。这三个原型分别是:(1)"糖尿病发病年龄"--根据个人的风险因素估计 T2D 的发病年龄;(2)"相对风险"--T2D 的相对风险以 1-10 级表示,显示个人与其他人的风险分值;以及(3)"代谢年龄"--根据个人的风险因素显示风险类别的年龄中位数,并与他们的实际年龄进行比较。我们通过快速测试和迭代收集反应和反馈,以了解哪种风险结果呈现方式最受欢迎。我们采用归纳主题分析法对所有收集到的数据进行了重新审视和分析,以确定有助于形成有效风险交流工具的关键特征:我们与 6 个小贩中心的 112 名参与者(女性:59 人,占 56%)进行了接触。对参与者而言重要的关键特征分为四个主题:(1)吸引力和用户体验,包括格式和可读性;(2)提供工具的机构的信任度和有效性以及风险结果的准确性;(3)威胁评估:风险信息的显著性,这影响了他们的风险认知;以及(4)应对评估:行为改变的促进因素,这影响了他们实施 T2D 预防行为的意愿。名为 "糖尿病发病 "的原型的预测性很差,在第一次迭代后就被删除了。相对风险 "原型因其简单明了而受到重视,但又担心其枯燥乏味。新陈代谢年龄 "原型被认为更能促使人们改变行为,但也有人担心这些术语可能不是每个人都能理解:结论:在 "代谢年龄 "和 "相对风险 "这两个原型中,参与者对哪一个更倾向于采用意见不一。现在需要进行进一步测试,以确定哪种原型能更有效地促使人们改变行为。本研究对风险交流工具的设计过程和重要特征的见解将为今后开发此类干预措施提供参考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Codesigning a Digital Type 2 Diabetes Risk Communication Tool in Singapore: Qualitative Participatory Action Research Approach.

Background: Diabetes is a serious public health concern worldwide. Despite public health efforts encouraging early screening and improving knowledge of effective interventions for those at increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), the incorporation of preventative behaviors into an individual's daily life remains suboptimal. Successfully and accurately increasing risk perception has been demonstrated to increase behavioral intention.

Objective: The study aims to codesign a T2D risk communication tool by engaging public participants to (1) identify key characteristics that contribute to an effective risk communication tool and (2) test and iterate to develop a culturally sensitive and meaningful risk communication tool that can motivate T2D preventative behaviors.

Methods: We adopted a novel methodology, "Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) Hawkers," where we approached patrons at hawker centers and public eateries frequented by all local residents to evaluate and test 3 prototypes for the tool. The three prototypes were (1) "Diabetes Onset"-estimated age of diabetes onset of T2D based on one's risk factors, (2) "Relative Risk"-the relative risk of T2D is presented in a 1-10 scale indicating where one's risk score lie in relation to others, and (3) "Metabolic Age"-the median age of the risk category based on one's risk factors, presented to be compared against their chronological age. We gathered reactions and feedback through rapid testing and iteration to understand which risk result presentation would be received the best. All the collected data were revisited and analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis to identify the key characteristics contributing to an effective risk communication tool.

Results: We engaged with 112 participants (female: n=59, 56%) across 6 hawker centers. The key characteristics that were important to participants emerged in four main themes: (1) appeal and user experience, in terms of format and readability; (2) trust and validity of the institution providing the tool and the accuracy of the risk result; (3) threat appraisal: salience of risk information, which influenced their risk perception; and (4) coping appraisal: facilitators for behavior change, which impacted their intention for implementing T2D preventative behaviors. The predictive nature of the prototype entitled "Diabetes Onset" was poorly received and removed after the first iteration. The Relative Risk prototype was valued for being straightforward but feared to be boring. The Metabolic Age prototype was anticipated to be more motivating for behavior change, but there were some concerns that the terminology may not be understood by everyone.

Conclusions: Participants were divided on which of the 2 prototypes, "Metabolic Age" or "Relative Risk," they would favor adopting. Further testing is now required to determine which prototype will be more effective in motivating behavior change. This study's insights on the design process and valued characteristics of a risk communication tool will inform future development of such interventions.

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来源期刊
JMIR Formative Research
JMIR Formative Research Medicine-Medicine (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
9.10%
发文量
579
审稿时长
12 weeks
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