Yi-Han Iris Yin, Bin-Bin Zhang, Jun Yang, Hui Sun, Chen Zhang, Yi-Xuan Shao, You-Dong Hu, Zi-Pei Zhu, Dong Xu, Li An, He Gao, Xue-Feng Wu, Bing Zhang, Alberto Javier Castro-Tirado, Shashi B. Pandey, Arne Rau, Weihua Lei, Wei Xie, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Luigi Piro, Paul O’Brien, Eleonora Troja, Peter Jonker, Yun-Wei Yu, Jie An, Run-Chao Chen, Yi-Jing Chen, Xiao-Fei Dong, Rob Eyles-Ferris, Zhou Fan, Shao-Yu Fu, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Xing Gao, Yong-Feng Huang, Shuai-Qing Jiang, Ya-Hui Jiang, Yashaswi Julakanti, Erik Kuulkers, Qing-Hui Lao, Dongyue Li, Zhi-Xing Ling, Xing Liu, Yuan Liu, Jia-Yu Mou, Xin Pan, Varun, Daming Wei, Qinyu Wu, Muskan Yadav, Yu-Han Yang, Weimin Yuan and Shuang-Nan Zhang
{"title":"触发未触发者:爱因斯坦探测器首次探测到的伽马射线暴 240219A 及其影响","authors":"Yi-Han Iris Yin, Bin-Bin Zhang, Jun Yang, Hui Sun, Chen Zhang, Yi-Xuan Shao, You-Dong Hu, Zi-Pei Zhu, Dong Xu, Li An, He Gao, Xue-Feng Wu, Bing Zhang, Alberto Javier Castro-Tirado, Shashi B. Pandey, Arne Rau, Weihua Lei, Wei Xie, Giancarlo Ghirlanda, Luigi Piro, Paul O’Brien, Eleonora Troja, Peter Jonker, Yun-Wei Yu, Jie An, Run-Chao Chen, Yi-Jing Chen, Xiao-Fei Dong, Rob Eyles-Ferris, Zhou Fan, Shao-Yu Fu, Johan P. U. Fynbo, Xing Gao, Yong-Feng Huang, Shuai-Qing Jiang, Ya-Hui Jiang, Yashaswi Julakanti, Erik Kuulkers, Qing-Hui Lao, Dongyue Li, Zhi-Xing Ling, Xing Liu, Yuan Liu, Jia-Yu Mou, Xin Pan, Varun, Daming Wei, Qinyu Wu, Muskan Yadav, Yu-Han Yang, Weimin Yuan and Shuang-Nan Zhang","doi":"10.3847/2041-8213/ad8652","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The Einstein Probe (EP) achieved its first detection and localization of a bright X-ray flare, EP240219a, on 2024 February 19, during its commissioning phase. Subsequent targeted searches triggered by the EP240219a alert identified a faint, untriggered gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the archived data of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), and Insight-HXMT/HE. The EP Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) light curve reveals a long duration of approximately 160 s with a slow decay, whereas the Fermi/GBM light curve shows a total duration of approximately 70 s. The peak in the Fermi/GBM light curve occurs slightly later with respect to the peak seen in the EP/WXT light curve. Our spectral analysis shows that a single cutoff power-law (PL) model effectively describes the joint EP/WXT–Fermi/GBM spectra in general, indicating coherent broad emission typical of GRBs. The model yielded a photon index of ∼–1.70 ± 0.05 and a peak energy of ∼257 ± 134 keV. After detection of GRB 240219A, long-term observations identified several candidates in optical and radio wavelengths, none of which was confirmed as the afterglow counterpart during subsequent optical and near-infrared follow-ups. The analysis of GRB 240219A classifies it as an X-ray-rich GRB (XRR) with a high peak energy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for studying the physical origins of X-ray flashes, XRRs, and classical GRBs. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
爱因斯坦探测器(EP)在其试运行阶段于 2024 年 2 月 19 日首次探测到并定位到一个明亮的 X 射线耀斑 EP240219a。随后由 EP240219a 警报触发的目标搜索在费米伽马射线暴监测器(GBM)、雨燕爆发警报望远镜(BAT)和 Insight-HXMT/HE 的存档数据中发现了一个微弱的、未触发的伽马射线暴(GRB)。EP宽视场X射线望远镜(WXT)的光曲线显示了约160秒的长持续时间和缓慢的衰减,而费米/GBM光曲线则显示了约70秒的总持续时间。我们的光谱分析显示,单截点幂律(PL)模型可以有效地描述 EP/WXT-Fermi/GBM 联合光谱的总体情况,显示出典型的 GRB 相干宽发射。该模型得出的光子指数为∼-1.70 ± 0.05,峰值能量为∼257 ± 134 keV。在探测到GRB 240219A之后,长期观测在光学和射电波段发现了几个候选者,但在随后的光学和近红外跟踪中,没有一个候选者被确认为余辉的对应物。对 GRB 240219A 的分析将其归类为峰值能量很高的富 X 射线 GRB(XRR),这为研究 X 射线闪烁、XRR 和经典 GRB 的物理起源带来了挑战和机遇。此外,将截止PL成分与非热同步辐射联系起来,表明该爆发是由一个以波因廷通量为主的外流驱动的。
Triggering the Untriggered: The First Einstein Probe-detected Gamma-Ray Burst 240219A and Its Implications
The Einstein Probe (EP) achieved its first detection and localization of a bright X-ray flare, EP240219a, on 2024 February 19, during its commissioning phase. Subsequent targeted searches triggered by the EP240219a alert identified a faint, untriggered gamma-ray burst (GRB) in the archived data of Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM), Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT), and Insight-HXMT/HE. The EP Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) light curve reveals a long duration of approximately 160 s with a slow decay, whereas the Fermi/GBM light curve shows a total duration of approximately 70 s. The peak in the Fermi/GBM light curve occurs slightly later with respect to the peak seen in the EP/WXT light curve. Our spectral analysis shows that a single cutoff power-law (PL) model effectively describes the joint EP/WXT–Fermi/GBM spectra in general, indicating coherent broad emission typical of GRBs. The model yielded a photon index of ∼–1.70 ± 0.05 and a peak energy of ∼257 ± 134 keV. After detection of GRB 240219A, long-term observations identified several candidates in optical and radio wavelengths, none of which was confirmed as the afterglow counterpart during subsequent optical and near-infrared follow-ups. The analysis of GRB 240219A classifies it as an X-ray-rich GRB (XRR) with a high peak energy, presenting both challenges and opportunities for studying the physical origins of X-ray flashes, XRRs, and classical GRBs. Furthermore, linking the cutoff PL component to nonthermal synchrotron radiation suggests that the burst is driven by a Poynting flux-dominated outflow.