Research progress on modification of cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered much attention as promising candidates for future large-scale electrochemical energy storage solutions. Their appeal lies in their cost-effectiveness, low emissions, inherent safety, and competitive energy density. Therefore, the design and improvement of high-performance AZIBs have been extensively studied. In this review, we categorize and compare the design strategies, electrochemical performance, challenges, and modifications of various cathodes including manganese (Mn)-based materials, vanadium(V)-based materials, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs), layered transition metal dichalcogenides, and organic materials. Meanwhile, strategies for enhancing performance are discussed. Finally, we summarize the challenges faced by cathodes in AZIBs and propose future research directions. Overall, exploring different cathodes provides researchers with guidance in selecting appropriate materials to further enhance the AZIBs’ performance.