火星低层大气中水汽垂直分布的季节性和年际可变性

IF 2.5 2区物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Icarus Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116360

Alexey A. Pankine , Timothy H. McConnochie , Michael D. Smith

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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们对火星全球勘测器（MGS）热辐射光谱仪（TES）收集的光谱采用了一种新方法来检索火星大气中的水汽垂直分布。新方法利用了白天和夜间 TES 天底光谱对低层大气（0-40 公里）不同部分水汽含量敏感度的差异。根据模拟环境的测试检索，水汽垂直剖面的检索精度可达 20-40 %，具体取决于季节和地面高度。从 MGS TES 在 MY24 的 Ls = 135° 和 MY27 的 Ls = 75° 之间收集的观测数据中检索水汽，可以探索水汽垂直分布的季节和年际变化。检索到的水汽分布及其季节变化与数值环流模式的预测基本一致。在北部夏季（Ls = 90°），水汽主要集中在北极地区和中纬度地区的地表附近。在南半球夏季（Ls = 270°），水汽在南极地区大气中的位置较高，这既反映了季节性地表冰的升华，也反映了南哈德利小区上支的大气输送。在两个春分（Ls = 0° 和 Ls = 180°）期间，热带大气的下部都有水汽。同时，检索到的垂直分布表现出明显的年际变化。25 年全球沙尘暴之后，水汽在南部夏季被限制在南极地区的较低高度。在 MY26 的南部春季（Ls = 180°-270°），水汽在大气中延伸到更高的位置，在赤道和北部热带地区，混合比随着高度的增加而加快。这些例子表明，火星大气可能会经历大气传输的年际变化，其中一些可能是对全球沙尘暴事件的响应。

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Seasonal and interannual variability of the water vapor vertical distribution in the Martian lower atmosphere

We apply a novel method to retrieve water vapor vertical distributions in the Martian atmosphere to spectra collected by the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES). The new method exploits differences in sensitivity of the daytime and nighttime TES nadir spectra to water vapor content in different parts of the lower atmosphere (0–40 km). Based on the test retrievals from simulated environments, vertical profiles of water vapor can be retrieved with accuracy ∼20–40 % depending on the season and altitude above surface. Retrievals from observations collected by the MGS TES between L_s = 135° in MY24 and L_s = 75° in MY27 enable exploration of the seasonal and interannual variabilities of the vertical distribution of water vapor. Retrieved vapor distributions and their seasonal variability are generally consistent with those predicted by a numerical circulation model. Vapor is concentrated near the surface in the northern polar region and the mid-latitudes during the northern summer (L_s = 90°). During the southern summer (L_s = 270°) vapor extends higher in the atmosphere in the southern polar region, reflecting both sublimation of the seasonal surface ice and atmospheric transport by the upper branch of the southern Hadley cell. During both equinoxes (L_s = 0° and L_s = 180°) vapor is found in the lower part of the tropical atmosphere. At the same time the retrieved vertical distributions exhibit notable interannual variability. Following the global dust storm of MY25, vapor is confined to lower altitudes in the southern polar region during the southern summer. During the southern spring in MY26 (L_s = 180°-270°) vapor extends higher in the atmosphere and mixing ratios increase faster with height at the equator and in the northern tropics. These examples suggest that Martian atmosphere may experience interannual changes in the atmospheric transport, some of which could be in response to global dust storm events.

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来源期刊

Icarus 地学天文-天文与天体物理

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

18.80%

发文量

356

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Icarus is devoted to the publication of original contributions in the field of Solar System studies. Manuscripts reporting the results of new research - observational, experimental, or theoretical - concerning the astronomy, geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific aspects of our Solar System or extrasolar systems are welcome. The journal generally does not publish papers devoted exclusively to the Sun, the Earth, celestial mechanics, meteoritics, or astrophysics. Icarus does not publish papers that provide "improved" versions of Bode''s law, or other numerical relations, without a sound physical basis. Icarus does not publish meeting announcements or general notices. Reviews, historical papers, and manuscripts describing spacecraft instrumentation may be considered, but only with prior approval of the editor. An entire issue of the journal is occasionally devoted to a single subject, usually arising from a conference on the same topic. The language of publication is English. American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these.