Investigating fracture mechanics in 3D-printed rocks using the hybrid finite-discrete element method

We describe our contribution to the Damage Mechanics Challenge in employing the hybrid finite-discrete element method (FDEM) to investigate the fracturing process of notched three-point bending experiments on additively manufactured synthetic rocks. The calibrated numerical models can reproduce and adequately predict laboratory results in terms of load–displacement behavior and fracture pattern, suggesting that the FDEM approach could simulate the damage evolution and the fracturing of the rock. We identify several obstacles that prevent more accurate prediction of the fracturing process, particularly the difficulties in calibrating the fracture energy values for different failure modes. These highlight the directions for future research.