Biodegradable photocatalytic film based on chia seed mucilage (xylose, glucose, and methyl glucuronic acid polysaccharides) containing barberry extract and SnO2 nanoparticles

In this study, chia seed mucilage (CSM) was extracted and used to prepare biodegradable film. The prepared film was modified with barberry extract (Ex) and tin oxide (SnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs). According to the obtained results, barberry extract significantly increased the thickness of the film, while tin oxide nanoparticles affected the thickness very little. Adding nanoparticles to the film decreased both the tensile strength and flexibility of the film. Barberry extract increased the tensile strength and flexibility of the film. Barberry extract and tin oxide nanoparticles decreased the permeability to water vapor in the films. Barberry extract and tin oxide nanoparticles both increased the antioxidant property of the film. The addition of barberry extract and tin oxide nanoparticles significantly increased the antibacterial properties of the film against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Physical connections and electrostatic interactions between composite components were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the positive effect of tin oxide nanoparticles in the formation of the crystal structure of the composite film. Additives of extract and nanoparticle increased the thermal stability of the film. The mucilage film with the highest percentage of tin oxide nanoparticles up to 50 % caused the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue.