热力学第二定律、生命与地球行星机械的再认识

IF 13.7 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Axel Kleidon
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生命是一种依赖于环境的行星特征,但它也在很大程度上塑造了地球的物理条件,创造了非常适合生产生物圈的条件。显然,热力学第二定律也必须适用于这些动力学,但如何适用呢?将生命及其对地球运作的影响置于第二定律的背景下,我们能获得哪些启示?在 Kleidon(2010 年)一书中,我从热力学的角度描述了地球系统,将地球系统的运作置于第二定律的背景下。地球系统由主要由太阳辐射驱动的能量转换的行星层次结构来表示,这些转换受到第二定律的制约,但也受到各种耗散活动的反馈作用的影响。当时的假设是,生命在耗散活动的演化过程中会受到这种层次结构的限制,并会产生旨在将这些限制推向更高水平的耗散活动的反馈。在此,我将对这一观点进行更新。我首先回顾了该方法在气候和全球气候变化方面的应用,以证明其在预测物理过程的大小,特别是温度、热量再分配和水文循环方面的成功。然后,我将重点讨论生物圈耗散活动的限制。热力学的限制似乎是通过施加与运输和物质交换相关的限制来间接发挥作用的。我将证实这一解释,并讨论其对宜居性、生命的出现和进化以及当代生物圈的广泛影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The second law of thermodynamics, life and Earth‘s planetary machinery revisited
Life is a planetary feature that depends on its environment, but it has also strongly shaped the physical conditions on Earth, having created conditions highly suitable for a productive biosphere. Clearly, the second law of thermodynamics must apply to these dynamics as well, but how? What insights can we gain by placing life and its effects on planetary functioning in the context of the second law? In Kleidon (2010), I described a thermodynamic Earth system perspective by placing the functioning of the Earth system in terms of the second law. The Earth system is represented by a planetary hierarchy of energy transformations that are driven predominantly by incoming solar radiation, these transformations are constrained by the second law, but they are also modified by the feedbacks from various dissipative activities. It was then hypothesised that life evolves its dissipative activity to the limits imposed by this hierarchy and evolves feedbacks aimed at pushing these limits to higher levels of dissipative activity. Here I provide an update of this perspective. I first review applications to climate and global climate change to demonstrate its success in predicting magnitudes of physical processes, particularly regarding temperatures, heat redistribution and hydrological cycling. I then focus on the limits to dissipative activity of the biosphere. It would seem that the limitations by thermodynamics act indirectly by imposing limitations associated with transport and material exchange. I substantiate this interpretation and discuss the broader implications for habitability, the emergence and evolution of life, and the contemporary biosphere.
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来源期刊
Physics of Life Reviews
Physics of Life Reviews 生物-生物物理
CiteScore
20.30
自引率
14.50%
发文量
52
审稿时长
8 days
期刊介绍: Physics of Life Reviews, published quarterly, is an international journal dedicated to review articles on the physics of living systems, complex phenomena in biological systems, and related fields including artificial life, robotics, mathematical bio-semiotics, and artificial intelligent systems. Serving as a unifying force across disciplines, the journal explores living systems comprehensively—from molecules to populations, genetics to mind, and artificial systems modeling these phenomena. Inviting reviews from actively engaged researchers, the journal seeks broad, critical, and accessible contributions that address recent progress and sometimes controversial accounts in the field.
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