尼泊尔人的口腔微生物组反映了从传统到工业化的梯度生活方式。

IF 13.8 1区 生物学 Q1 MICROBIOLOGY
Erica P Ryu, Yoshina Gautam, Diana M Proctor, Dinesh Bhandari, Sarmila Tandukar, Meera Gupta, Guru Prasad Gautam, David A Relman, Ahmed A Shibl, Jeevan Bahadur Sherchand, Aashish R Jha, Emily R Davenport
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:生活方式在塑造肠道微生物组方面发挥着重要作用。然而,由于迄今为止对人群的调查中存在地理和方法的混淆效应,其对口腔微生物组的贡献仍然不太清楚。此外,虽然觅食人群和工业化人群的口腔微生物组似乎有所不同,但我们对农业生活方式的转变是否会影响口腔微生物组还缺乏深入了解。鉴于所谓的 "消失的微生物群 "可能是工业化人群疾病发病率增加的一个风险因素这一观点越来越受到关注,我们在研究不同人群的微生物群时有必要将生活方式与地理环境区分开来:在这里,我们研究了 63 名尼泊尔人的唾液微生物组,他们代表了不同的生活方式:觅食者、自给农耕者(在过去 50 年内从觅食过渡到农耕的个体)、农耕者(过渡到农耕至少 300 年的个体)和工业者(在过去 20 年内移民到美国的外籍人士)。我们描述了生活方式在微生物多样性中的作用,确定了不同生活方式中的微生物差异,并指出了可能导致不同人群微生物组差异的特定生活方式因素。与普遍观点相反,当地理因素受到控制时,口腔微生物组阿尔法多样性在不同生活方式之间并无显著差异。然而,微生物组的组成遵循了从觅食到农耕再到工业化的生活方式梯度,支持了生活方式确实在口腔微生物组中发挥作用的观点。包括链球菌和一个未分类的卟啉单胞菌属在内的几个类群的相对丰度也反映了生活方式。最后,我们确定了与整个生活方式梯度中微生物组组成相关的特定生活方式因素,包括吸烟和谷物来源:我们的研究结果表明,通过研究尼泊尔国内的人群,我们可以分离出生活方式在决定口腔微生物组组成中的重要作用。在此过程中,我们强调了几种生活方式因素的潜在作用,强调了仔细研究不同生活方式下的口腔微生物组以提高我们对全球微生物组的了解的重要性。视频摘要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Nepali oral microbiomes reflect a gradient of lifestyles from traditional to industrialized.

Background: Lifestyle plays an important role in shaping the gut microbiome. However, its contributions to the oral microbiome remain less clear, due to the confounding effects of geography and methodology in investigations of populations studied to date. Furthermore, while the oral microbiome seems to differ between foraging and industrialized populations, we lack insight into whether transitions to and away from agrarian lifestyles shape the oral microbiota. Given the growing interest in so-called "vanishing microbiomes" potentially being a risk factor for increased disease prevalence in industrialized populations, it is important that we distinguish lifestyle from geography in the study of microbiomes across populations.

Results: Here, we investigate salivary microbiomes of 63 Nepali individuals representing a spectrum of lifestyles: foraging, subsistence farming (individuals that transitioned from foraging to farming within the last 50 years), agriculturalists (individuals that have transitioned to farming for at least 300 years), and industrialists (expatriates that immigrated to the USA within the last 20 years). We characterize the role of lifestyle in microbial diversity, identify microbes that differ between lifestyles, and pinpoint specific lifestyle factors that may be contributing to differences in the microbiomes across populations. Contrary to prevailing views, when geography is controlled for, oral microbiome alpha diversity does not differ significantly across lifestyles. Microbiome composition, however, follows the gradient of lifestyles from foraging through agrarianism to industrialism, supporting the notion that lifestyle indeed plays a role in the oral microbiome. Relative abundances of several individual taxa, including Streptobacillus and an unclassified Porphyromonadaceae genus, also mirror lifestyle. Finally, we identify specific lifestyle factors associated with microbiome composition across the gradient of lifestyles, including smoking and grain sources.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that by studying populations within Nepal, we can isolate an important role of lifestyle in determining oral microbiome composition. In doing so, we highlight the potential contributions of several lifestyle factors, underlining the importance of carefully examining the oral microbiome across lifestyles to improve our understanding of global microbiomes. Video Abstract.

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来源期刊
Microbiome
Microbiome MICROBIOLOGY-
CiteScore
21.90
自引率
2.60%
发文量
198
审稿时长
4 weeks
期刊介绍: Microbiome is a journal that focuses on studies of microbiomes in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. It covers both natural and manipulated microbiomes, such as those in agriculture. The journal is interested in research that uses meta-omics approaches or novel bioinformatics tools and emphasizes the community/host interaction and structure-function relationship within the microbiome. Studies that go beyond descriptive omics surveys and include experimental or theoretical approaches will be considered for publication. The journal also encourages research that establishes cause and effect relationships and supports proposed microbiome functions. However, studies of individual microbial isolates/species without exploring their impact on the host or the complex microbiome structures and functions will not be considered for publication. Microbiome is indexed in BIOSIS, Current Contents, DOAJ, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, and Science Citations Index Expanded.
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