Top-funded companies offering digital health interventions for the prevention and treatment of depression: a systematic market analysis.

Background: Digital innovations can reduce the global burden of depression by facilitating timely and scalable interventions. In recent years, the number of commercial Digital Health Interventions for Depression (DHIDs) has been on the rise. However, there is limited knowledge on their content and underpinning scientific evidence. This study aimed to: (i) identify the top-funded companies offering DHIDs and (ii) provide an overview of their interventions, including scientific evidence, psychotherapeutic approaches and use of novel technologies.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted using two venture capital databases to identify the top-30 funded companies offering DHIDs. In addition, studies related to the DHIDs' were identified via academic databases and hand-searching. The methodological quality of the publications was evaluated using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results: The top-30 funded companies offering DHIDs received a total funding of 2,592 million USD. Less than half of the companies produced any scientific research associated with their DHIDs, with a total of 83 publications identified. Twenty-five publications were randomised control trials, of which 15 reported moderate-to-large effects in reducing depression symptoms. Regarding novel technologies, few DHIDs incorporated the use of conversational agents or low-burden sensing technologies.

Conclusions: Funding received by top-funded companies was not related to the amount of scientific evidence provided on their DHIDs. There was a strong variation in the quantity of evidence produced and an overall need for more rigorous effectiveness trials. Few DHIDs used automated approaches such as conversational agents, limiting their scalability.