不同的打底和播种技术结合不同的种子率对小麦生长和产量的影响。

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊 Q1 MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1038/s41598-024-78256-y

Samiullah Khan Ranazai, Muhammad Sadiq, Muhammad Safdar Baloch, Huma Qureshi, Tauseef Anwar, Abdullah A Alarfaj, Mohammad Javed Ansari

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引用次数: 0

摘要

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）是一种具有巨大经济价值的主粮作物，尤其是在巴基斯坦开伯尔巴图克瓦省（KPK）德拉伊斯梅尔汗的农艺环境中。了解打底技术、播种方法和种子率等各种农艺措施对小麦产量和生长的影响，对于优化生产和确保地区粮食安全至关重要。为了研究打底和播种技术与种子率相结合对短生育期（Israr Shaheed）和长生育期（Gomal）小麦品种的影响，在巴基斯坦德拉伊斯梅尔汗 Gomal 大学的农艺研究基地进行了三项试验。在第一项实验中，使用了各种打底技术。在使用的不同技术中，农家肥打底技术产生的植株最高，分别为 111.3 厘米和 125.3 厘米，分蘖数最多（335.7 米-2 和 345.0 米-2），穗最长（8.6 厘米和 7.6 厘米），小穗数最多（27.2 穗-1 和 31.0 穗-1）。2 和 31.0 穗-1）、最大穗粒数（45.5 和 48.7 穗-1）、最大谷物产量（4.4 和 4.6 吨公顷-1）以及最大收获指数（38.7 和 41.5%）。相反，堆肥比其他交互作用产生的谷粒更重（49.2 克和 42.3 克），而氯化钠在 Israr Shaheed 和 Gomal 的生物产量最高（12.4 吨/公顷-1 和 11.8 吨/公顷-1）。在第二次试验中，对 Israr Shaheed 和 Gomal 这两个小麦品种采用了不同的播种方法。干播和水淹后，Israr Shaheed 和 Gomal 的植株最高（分别为 105.5 和 101.7 厘米）、分蘖数最多（分别为 398.2 和 406.7 米-2）、穗长最长（分别为 8.3 和 7.2 厘米）、小穗数最多（分别为 29.8 和 35.5 穗-1）、穗粒数最多（分别为 54.3 和 51.6 穗-1）、谷物产量最高（分别为 4.3 和 4.6 吨-公顷-1）。Israr Shaheed 和 Gomal 在水田催芽播种中分别表现出最大千粒重（45.3 克和 45.0 克）。水淹田中干种子的生物产量最高（13.6 吨/公顷-1），而伊斯拉尔-沙希德和戈马尔的浸种收获指数最高（33.5% 和 33.9%），其次是水淹。在最后一项实验中，研究了不同的播种率。结果表明，用 150 千克/公顷的播种量种植的植株最高，分别为 111.0 厘米和 111.7 厘米，分蘖数最多（411.6 米-2 和 408.2 米-2），穗最长（7.8 厘米和 7.7 厘米），小穗数最多（34.3 穗-1 和 34.3 穗-1）。3 和 34.3 穗-1）、最大穗粒数（50.8 和 47.2 穗-1）、最大谷物产量（4.6 和 4.5 吨-公顷-1）和最大收获指数（38.4 和 36.7%）。Israr Shaheed 和 Goma-8 的最大千粒重（克）分别为 200 千克/公顷和 250 千克/公顷，为 45.2 克，而生物产量最高的分别为 175 千克/公顷。总之，研究结果表明，在干播后浸种的同时，使用农家肥打底，小麦的产量和产量属性最高可提高到每公顷 150 公斤的播种量。未来的研究应探索先进灌溉技术与养分管理实践的结合，以进一步提高德拉伊斯梅尔汗地区的小麦产量。

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Impact of different priming and sowing techniques in combination with different seed rates on wheat growth and yield.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple crop of immense economic importance, especially in the agronomic context of Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. Understanding the effects of various agronomic practices, such as priming techniques, sowing methods, and seed rates, on wheat yield and growth is crucial for optimizing production and ensuring regional food security. To study the effects of priming and sowing techniques in combination with seed rates on short (Israr Shaheed) and long (Gomal) duration, three experiments were conducted at the agronomic research site of Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, wheat varieties. In the first experiment, various priming techniques were used. Among different techniques used Farmyard manure priming produced the tallest plants at 111.3 and 125.3 cm, the maximum number of tillers (335.7 and 345.0 m^-2), longest spikes (8.6 and 7.6 cm), maximum spikelets (27.2 and 31.0 spike^-1), maximum number of grains (45.5 and 48.7 spike^-1), maximum grain yield (4.4 and 4.6 t ha^-1) and maximum harvest index (38.7 and 41.5%) respectively for Israr Shaheed and Gomal. Conversely, compost manure produced heavier grains than other interactions (49.2 and 42.3 g) while sodium chloride showed the maximum biological yield (12.4 and 11.8 t ha^-1) for Israr Shaheed and Gomal correspondingly. In 2nd experiment, different sowing methods were tested on two wheat varieties Israr Shaheed and Gomal. Dry sowing followed by flooding produced tallest plants measuring (105.5 and 101.7 cm), maximum number of tillers (398.2 and 406.7 m^-2), longest spikes (8.3 and 7.2 cm), maximum spikelets (29.8 and 35.5 spike^-1), maximum number of grains (54.3 and 51.6 spike^-1) and maximum grain yield (4.3 and 4.6 t ha^-1) respectively for Israr Shaheed and Gomal. Israr Shaheed and Gomal showed maximum 1000-grain weights (45.3 and 45.0 g) in sprouted seeding in flooded fields respectively. The highest biological yield (13.6 t ha-1) was in dry seed in the flooded field while the maximum harvest index (33.5 and 33.9%) was recorded in soaked seed followed by flooding for Israr Shaheed and Gomal. In the last experiment, different seed rates were studied. The results showed that plants grown with seed rate 150 kg ha^-1 showed the tallest plants at 111.0 and 111.7 cm, maximum number of tillers (411.6 and 408.2 m^-2), longest spikes (7.8 and 7.7 cm), maximum spikelets (34.3 and 34.3 spike^-1), maximum number of grains (50.8 and 47.2 spike^-1), maximum grain yield (4.6 and 4.5 t ha^-1) and maximum harvest index (38.4 and 36.7%) respectively for Israr Shaheed and Gomal. The maximum number of 1000-grains weight (g) was found on 200 and 250 kg ha^-1 for Israr Shaheed and Goma-8, respectively giving 45.2 g while biological yield was the highest in 175 kg ha^-1 respectively. Conclusively, the results indicated that yield and yield attributes in wheat were enhanced up to 150 kg ha^-1 seed rate when interacted with farmyard manure priming along with dry sowing of seed followed by flooding. Future research should explore the integration of advanced irrigation techniques and nutrient management practices to further enhance wheat productivity in the Dera Ismail Khan region.

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Scientific Reports Natural Science Disciplines-

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7.50

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4.30%

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19567

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3.9 months

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