引导规整理论

IF 5 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 Physics and Astronomy
Yifei He, Martin Kruczenski
{"title":"引导规整理论","authors":"Yifei He, Martin Kruczenski","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.110.096001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"55\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,9\" data-semantic-content=\"10\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 10 9\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S upper U left parenthesis upper N Subscript c Baseline right parenthesis\" data-semantic-structure=\"(11 0 10 (9 1 8 (7 2 (5 3 4) 6)))\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"1,7\" data-semantic-content=\"8,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"1 8 7\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"simple function\" data-semantic-type=\"appl\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"appl\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"simple function\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑈</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"appl\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"application\" data-semantic-type=\"punctuation\"><mjx-c>⁡</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"5\" data-semantic-content=\"2,6\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 5 6\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\"><mjx-c>(</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"3,4\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"3 4\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\"><mjx-c>)</mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"56\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> quarks with mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"57\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,6\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 6\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript q Baseline much less than normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\" data-semantic-structure=\"(7 (2 0 1) 3 (6 4 5))\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,≪\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>≪</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"4,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"4 5\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\" space=\"4\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"ss\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"58\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"0\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math></mjx-container> matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"59\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript c Baseline equals 3\" data-semantic-structure=\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,=\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c>3</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"60\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f Baseline equals 2\" data-semantic-structure=\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,=\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"61\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S Baseline 0\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"62\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper P Baseline 1\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"63\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S Baseline 2\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"64\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript c\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"65\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"66\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript q\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"67\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"ss\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. The only low-energy numerical inputs are the pion mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"68\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript pi\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝜋</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> and the quark and gluon condensates.","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Bootstrapping gauge theories\",\"authors\":\"Yifei He, Martin Kruczenski\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevd.110.096001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"55\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,9\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"10\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 10 9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S upper U left parenthesis upper N Subscript c Baseline right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(11 0 10 (9 1 8 (7 2 (5 3 4) 6)))\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,⁢\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"1,7\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"8,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"1 8 7\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"simple function\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"appl\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"appl\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"simple function\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑈</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"appl\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"application\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"punctuation\\\"><mjx-c>⁡</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2,6\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 5 6\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\\\"><mjx-c>(</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"3,4\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"3 4\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\\\"><mjx-c>)</mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"56\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> quarks with mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"57\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,6\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"inequality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"m Subscript q Baseline much less than normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(7 (2 0 1) 3 (6 4 5))\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,≪\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"inequality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>≪</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"4,5\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"4 5\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"ss\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"58\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math></mjx-container> matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"59\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript c Baseline equals 3\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,=\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-c>3</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"60\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f Baseline equals 2\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,=\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"61\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S Baseline 0\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,⁢\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"62\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper P Baseline 1\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,⁢\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"63\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S Baseline 2\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,⁢\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c>⁢</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"64\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript c\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"65\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"66\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"m Subscript q\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"67\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"ss\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们考虑了具有规规群𝑆𝑈(𝑁𝑐)和质量为𝑁𝑓夸克的近似自由规规理论,这些理论经历了手性对称破缺和约束。我们提出了一种自举法来计算主导低能物理的伪金石玻色子(pion)的𝑆矩阵。对于𝑁𝑐=3, 𝑁𝑓=2这一重要情况,该方法的数值实现给出了𝑆0、𝑃1和𝑆2波的相移,与实验结果十分吻合。该方法通过使用 Karateev、Kuhn 和 Penedones 最近提出的形式因子引导法以及有限能量版的 Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) 和规则,将规规理论信息(𝑁𝑐、𝑁𝑓、𝑚△ Λ QCD)纳入其中。在低能条件下,我们施加了来自手性对称破缺的约束。唯一的低能数值输入是先驱质量𝑚𝜋以及夸克和胶子凝聚态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Bootstrapping gauge theories

Bootstrapping gauge theories
We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group 𝑆𝑈(𝑁𝑐) and 𝑁𝑓 quarks with mass 𝑚𝑞ΛQCD that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the 𝑆 matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of 𝑁𝑐=3, 𝑁𝑓=2, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the 𝑆0, 𝑃1 and 𝑆2 waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (𝑁𝑐, 𝑁𝑓, 𝑚𝑞, ΛQCD) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. The only low-energy numerical inputs are the pion mass 𝑚𝜋 and the quark and gluon condensates.
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来源期刊
Physical Review D
Physical Review D 物理-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
9.20
自引率
36.00%
发文量
0
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Physical Review D (PRD) is a leading journal in elementary particle physics, field theory, gravitation, and cosmology and is one of the top-cited journals in high-energy physics. PRD covers experimental and theoretical results in all aspects of particle physics, field theory, gravitation and cosmology, including: Particle physics experiments, Electroweak interactions, Strong interactions, Lattice field theories, lattice QCD, Beyond the standard model physics, Phenomenological aspects of field theory, general methods, Gravity, cosmology, cosmic rays, Astrophysics and astroparticle physics, General relativity, Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space, String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality.
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