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{"title":"引导规整理论","authors":"Yifei He, Martin Kruczenski","doi":"10.1103/physrevd.110.096001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"55\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,9\" data-semantic-content=\"10\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 10 9\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S upper U left parenthesis upper N Subscript c Baseline right parenthesis\" data-semantic-structure=\"(11 0 10 (9 1 8 (7 2 (5 3 4) 6)))\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"1,7\" data-semantic-content=\"8,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"1 8 7\" data-semantic-parent=\"11\" data-semantic-role=\"simple function\" data-semantic-type=\"appl\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"appl\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"simple function\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑈</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"appl\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"application\" data-semantic-type=\"punctuation\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"5\" data-semantic-content=\"2,6\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 5 6\" data-semantic-parent=\"9\" data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\"><mjx-c>(</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"3,4\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"3 4\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\"><mjx-c>)</mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"56\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> quarks with mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"57\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,6\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 6\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript q Baseline much less than normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\" data-semantic-structure=\"(7 (2 0 1) 3 (6 4 5))\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,≪\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>≪</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"4,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"4 5\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\" space=\"4\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"ss\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"58\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"0\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math></mjx-container> matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"59\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript c Baseline equals 3\" data-semantic-structure=\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,=\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c>3</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"60\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math breakable=\"true\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"2 3 4\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f Baseline equals 2\" data-semantic-structure=\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\"4\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,=\" data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"5\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\" space=\"4\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"61\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S Baseline 0\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"62\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper P Baseline 1\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"63\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic-content=\"2\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 2 1\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper S Baseline 2\" data-semantic-structure=\"(3 0 2 1)\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"3\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"64\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript c\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"65\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"upper N Subscript f\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"66\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript q\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"67\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"ss\"><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\"true\" style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\"padding-top: 0.669em;\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. The only low-energy numerical inputs are the pion mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"68\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" overflow=\"linebreak\" role=\"tree\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 100.7%;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\"(2 0 1)\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\"0,1\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\"0 1\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-speech=\"m Subscript pi\" data-semantic-type=\"subscript\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"2\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\" size=\"s\"><mjx-c>𝜋</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> and the quark and gluon condensates.","PeriodicalId":20167,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review D","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Bootstrapping gauge theories\",\"authors\":\"Yifei He, Martin Kruczenski\",\"doi\":\"10.1103/physrevd.110.096001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"We consider asymptotically free gauge theories with gauge group <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"55\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,9\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"10\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 10 9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S upper U left parenthesis upper N Subscript c Baseline right parenthesis\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(11 0 10 (9 1 8 (7 2 (5 3 4) 6)))\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"1,7\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"8,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"1 8 7\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"11\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"simple function\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"appl\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"appl\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"simple function\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑈</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"appl\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"application\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"punctuation\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2,6\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 5 6\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"9\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"leftright\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fenced\\\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"open\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\\\"><mjx-c>(</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"3,4\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"3 4\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"fenced\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"close\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"fence\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.02em;\\\"><mjx-c>)</mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"56\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> quarks with mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"57\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,6\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"inequality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"m Subscript q Baseline much less than normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(7 (2 0 1) 3 (6 4 5))\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,≪\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"inequality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>≪</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"4,5\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"4 5\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"7\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"6\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"ss\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> that undergo chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We propose a bootstrap method to compute the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"58\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-math></mjx-container> matrix of the pseudo-Goldstone bosons (pions) that dominate the low-energy physics. For the important case of <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"59\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript c Baseline equals 3\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,=\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-c>3</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"60\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math breakable=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"2,4\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"2 3 4\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f Baseline equals 2\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(5 (2 0 1) 3 4)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relseq\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub><mjx-break size=\\\"4\\\"></mjx-break><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"relseq,=\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"equality\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"relation\\\"><mjx-c>=</mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"5\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\" space=\\\"4\\\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, a numerical implementation of the method gives the phase shifts of the <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"61\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S Baseline 0\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>0</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"62\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper P Baseline 1\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑃</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>1</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> and <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"63\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:unit\\\" data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic-content=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 2 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"implicit\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper S Baseline 2\\\" data-semantic-structure=\\\"(3 0 2 1)\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"infixop\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑆</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\\\"true\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\\\"infixop,\\\" data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"multiplication\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"operator\\\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"3\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"integer\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"number\\\"><mjx-c>2</mjx-c></mjx-mn></mjx-math></mjx-container> waves in good agreement with experimental results. The method incorporates gauge theory information (<mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"64\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript c\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑐</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"65\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"upper N Subscript f\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑁</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em; margin-left: -0.069em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑓</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"66\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"m Subscript q\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝑞</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>, <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"67\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"normal upper Lamda Subscript upper Q upper C upper D\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>Λ</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\\\"normal\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"unknown\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"ss\\\"><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">Q</mjx-c><mjx-c noic=\\\"true\\\" style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">C</mjx-c><mjx-c style=\\\"padding-top: 0.669em;\\\">D</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container>) by using the form-factor bootstrap recently proposed by Karateev, Kuhn and Penedones together with a finite energy version of the Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (SVZ) sum rules. At low energy we impose constraints from chiral symmetry breaking. The only low-energy numerical inputs are the pion mass <mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\\\"68\\\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\\\"1\\\" jax=\\\"CHTML\\\" overflow=\\\"linebreak\\\" role=\\\"tree\\\" sre-explorer- style=\\\"font-size: 100.7%;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><mjx-math data-semantic-structure=\\\"(2 0 1)\\\"><mjx-msub data-semantic-children=\\\"0,1\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-owns=\\\"0 1\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-speech=\\\"m Subscript pi\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"subscript\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"latinletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\"><mjx-c>𝑚</mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-script style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.15em;\\\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\\\"clearspeak:simple\\\" data-semantic-font=\\\"italic\\\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\\\"2\\\" data-semantic-role=\\\"greekletter\\\" data-semantic-type=\\\"identifier\\\" size=\\\"s\\\"><mjx-c>𝜋</mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-script></mjx-msub></mjx-math></mjx-container> and the quark and gluon condensates.\",\"PeriodicalId\":20167,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Physical Review D\",\"volume\":\"150 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-11-04\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Physical Review D\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.096001\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"Physics and Astronomy\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical Review D","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.110.096001","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Physics and Astronomy","Score":null,"Total":0}
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