Yi-Heng Chi, 奕恒 池, Jiahui Huang, 佳辉 黄, Ping Zhou, 平 周, Hua Feng, 骅 冯, Xiang-Dong Li, 向东 李, Sera B. Markoff, Samar Safi-Harb and Laura Olivera-Nieto
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引用次数: 0
摘要
黑洞是如何形成的,这仍然是天体物理学中一个未决的基本问题。尽管有理论预测,但要了解黑洞的形成是否经历超新星爆发,还缺乏观测。在这里,我们报告在银河系微类星体 SS 433 北部发现了一个 X 射线壳,其中蕴藏着一个恒星质量的黑洞,在空间上与射电连续波和偏振发射以及 H i 云相关联。它的光谱可以由一个 1 keV 的电离不足等离子体再现,由此推断该外壳是由 20-30 kyr 前的超新星爆炸产生的,它的特性构成了典型的超新星爆炸产生某些黑洞的证据。我们的分析排除了其他可能的起源,包括被喷流加热或被盘风吹动。根据SS 433中紧凑天体的质量下限,我们大致推断出原生天体的质量应该大于25 M⊙。在SS 433中存在这样一个年轻的残余物,也可以让我们对年轻微类星体的超临界吸积以及该系统的γ射线发射有新的认识。后退喷出物可能会在数万年内提供吸积材料,而超新星残余物的冲击可能会在宇宙射线(再)加速中发挥关键作用。
An X-Ray Shell Reveals the Supernova Explosion for Galactic Microquasar SS 433
How black holes are formed remains an open and fundamental question in astrophysics. Despite theoretical predictions, it lacks observations to understand whether the black hole formation experiences a supernova explosion. Here we report the discovery of an X-ray shell north of the Galactic microquasar SS 433 harboring a stellar-mass black hole spatially associated with radio continuum and polarization emissions and an H i cloud. Its spectrum can be reproduced by a 1 keV underionized plasma, from which the shell is inferred to have been created by a supernova explosion 20–30 kyr ago, and its properties constitute evidence for canonical supernova explosions to create some black holes. Our analysis precludes other possible origins including heated by jets or blown by disk winds. According to the lower mass limit of the compact object in SS 433, we roughly deduced that the progenitor should be more massive than 25 M⊙. The existence of such a young remnant in SS 433 can also lead to new insights into the supercritical accretion in young microquasars and the γ-ray emission of this system. The fallback ejecta may provide accretion materials within tens of thousands of years, while the shock of the supernova remnant may play a crucial role in the cosmic-ray (re)acceleration.