Geo-Virtual Reality (GVR): The creative materials to construct spatial thinking skills using virtual learning based metaverse technology

Integration between technology, pedagogic, and knowledge are an important requirement in learning geography. This requires support from learning media that adapts to the times. This era's learning media focuses more on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and other technologies that give students the impression that they are seeing an object directly. This article aims to develop metaverse-based learning media in Geo-Virtual Reality. The method used is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation)., a pre-test and post-test were carried out to test the influence and effectiveness of the media on students' spatial thinking skills. The influence was measured using the Paired Sample T-test, while the effectiveness was analyzed uses the N-Gain Score. The research results show sig < 0.05, indicating that Geo-Virtual Reality (GVR) in learning affects students' spatial thinking skills. Meanwhile, the effectiveness test shows an N-Gain of 0.47 (medium level), which shows that the media can improve students' spatial thinking skills. However, what needs to be realized is that the use of media must be accompanied by a teacher who masters the content and can convey it to students to obtain optimal results.