Advancing carbon capture technologies in CCS: A comprehensive review of pre-combustion processes

As global concern over greenhouse gas emissions intensifies, the advancement of effective carbon capture and storage technologies becomes crucial for mitigating climate change. This review comprehensively examines pre-combustion carbon capture methods, emphasizing their technical mechanisms, benefits, and challenges. We investigate a range of separation techniques, including absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic processes, assessing their effectiveness in capturing carbon dioxide from industrial processes before combustion. Additionally, we explore the innovative approach of micro-algae cultivation for biological carbon sequestration. By evaluating operational carbon capture and storage projects from around the world, we provide insights into current implementations and global commitments to carbon capture and storage. Additionally, we discuss the economic aspects of carbon capture and storage, highlighting the importance of financial considerations in the adoption and scalability of these technologies. Our detailed technical analysis highlights the scalability, energy consumption and environmental viability of various pre-combustion capture technologies. We also discuss the ongoing research efforts and technological advancements driving improvements in these methods. The review underscores the importance of continued innovation and collaborative efforts to enhance carbon capture technologies, aiming for substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and effectively addressing the multifaceted challenges of climate change.