Promise and challenges of traditional Chinese medicine, specifically Calculus bovis, in liver cancer treatment.

Liver cancer, one of the most common malignancies worldwide, ranks sixth in incidence and third in mortality. Liver cancer treatment options are diverse, including surgical resection, liver transplantation, percutaneous ablation, transarterial chemoembolization, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). A multidisciplinary team (MDT) is essential to customize treatment plans based on tumor staging, liver function, and performance status (PS), ensuring individualized patient care. Treatment decisions require a MDT to tailor strategies based on tumor staging, liver function, and PS, ensuring personalized care. The approval of new first-line and second-line drugs and the establishment of standard treatments based on immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly expanded treatment options for advanced liver cancer, improving overall prognosis. However, many patients do not respond effectively to these treatments and ultimately succumb to the disease. Modern oncology treatments, while extending patient survival, often come with severe side effects, resistance, and damage to the body, negatively impacting quality of life. Huang et al's study published at World Journal of Gastroenterology rigorously validates the anticancer properties of Calculus bovis, enhancing our understanding of TCM and contributing to new liver cancer treatment strategies. For over 5000 years, TCM has been used in East Asian countries like China to treat various diseases, including liver conditions. Analysis of real-world clinical data suggests that for patients with advanced-stage tumors lacking effective treatments, integrated TCM therapies could provide significant breakthroughs.