膀胱癌:南非约翰内斯堡一家学术医院放射肿瘤科的回顾性审计。

IF 2.1 Q3 ONCOLOGY
Trenton Oliver, Duvern Ramiah, Daniel Mmereki, Mia Hugo, Oluwatosin A Ayeni
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:膀胱癌(BCa)是最常见的泌尿系统癌症之一,仍然是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。膀胱癌与一系列风险因素有关,其中吸烟是最主要的诱因之一。除吸烟外,接触某些化学物质,尤其是染料、橡胶、皮革和纺织品等行业中的芳香胺,也会增加罹患膀胱癌的风险。在人类发展指数(HDI)较低的中低端国家,有关膀胱癌的根本原因、发病率、发病方式、治疗和预后的数据仍不清楚,而且往往显得不足。本研究旨在评估南非约翰内斯堡的膀胱癌发病率、发病方式、治疗方法和相关风险因素。通过研究这些因素,该研究试图找出导致膀胱癌发生和发展的可能模式或易感因素,从而提出有助于降低与这种癌症相关的重大发病率和死亡率的见解:这项回顾性研究分析了 2010 年 1 月至 2020 年 12 月期间在一家学术医院放射肿瘤科接受治疗的 115 名患者的二手数据。通过回顾这些患者的病历,该研究旨在收集有关膀胱癌发病率、发病方式、治疗方法和相关风险因素的全面信息。本研究通过对患者的人口统计学、风险因素、临床病理学方面的数据以及所接受的特定疗法进行综合分析,对膀胱癌进行了评估。本研究对膀胱鳞状细胞癌(SCC)和过渡细胞癌(TCC)患者进行了比较。这一比较旨在探索这两种组织学亚型在人口统计学概况、风险因素、临床病理学特征和治疗效果方面的差异:共有 115 名出现膀胱癌症状的患者被转诊到该学术医院接受评估和治疗。平均年龄(60.7±14.9)岁的患者膀胱癌发病率最高。男性占 60.9%,男女比例为 1.6:1。与膀胱癌并发症相关的最常见风险因素包括吸烟、男性、黑人和年龄增长。与鳞状细胞癌(SCC)相比,过渡细胞癌仍然是该学术医院最常见的组织学亚型。过渡细胞癌(TCC)患者更有可能年龄较大(几率比(OR):1.03,95% 置信区间(CI):1.01-1.06,P = 0.029)、男性(OR:2.60,95% CI:1.10-6.04,P = 0.030)。研究还发现,大多数 TCC 病例发生在黑人患者中,但白人患者发生 TCC 的几率是 SCC 的四倍(OR:4.22,95% CI:1.43-12.48,p = 0.009):结论:膀胱癌在人类发展指数较低的低收入和中等收入国家仍很普遍,老年男性是高危人群。为了积极预防膀胱癌的死亡率和发病率,必须保持对膀胱癌的健康意识,以改善膀胱癌患者的预防、早期检测、管理和全面的患者护理和医疗服务。这些研究结果突显了针对高危人群,尤其是有吸烟史的老年男性,采取有针对性的筛查和预防策略的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bladder cancer: a retrospective audit at a single radiation oncology unit of an academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urological cancers and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Bladder cancer is associated with a range of risk factors, with smoking being one of the most significant contributors. In addition to smoking, exposure to certain chemicals, particularly aromatic amines found in industries such as dye, rubber, leather, and textiles, also increases the risk of bladder cancer. In low-and-middle countries with lower Human Development Index (HDI), data on the underlying causes, incident rate, modes of presentation, treatment, and prognosis of bladder cancer remains unclear and often appear to be inadequate. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, mode of presentation, treatment, and risk factors associated with bladder cancer in Johannesburg, South Africa. By examining these factors, the study seeks to identify possible patterns or predisposing factors that contribute to the development and progression of bladder cancer, which could generate insights that could help to reduce the significant morbidity and mortality associated with this cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed secondary data from 115 patients who were treated in the radiation oncology unit of an academic hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. By reviewing the medical records of these patients, the study aimed to gather comprehensive information on the prevalence of bladder cancer, modes of presentation, treatment approaches, and associated risk factors. Bladder cancer in this study was assessed using a comprehensive analysis of patient data on demographics, risk factors, clinicopathological aspects, and the specific therapies received. A comparison of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder was conducted as part of this study. This comparison aimed to explore differences in demographic profiles, risk factors, clinicopathological characteristics, and treatment outcomes between these two histological subtypes.

Results: A total of 115 patients presenting with bladder cancer symptoms were referred to the academic hospital for evaluation and treatment. The incidence rate of bladder cancer was highest among patients with a mean age of 60.7 ± 14.9. Males constituted 60.9% of the cases, resulting in a male-to-female ratio of 1.6:1. The most common risk factors associated with bladder cancer complications included smoking, being male, black ethnicity and increasing age. Transitional cell carcinoma remained the most prevalent histological subtype at the academic hospital, compared to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were more likely to be older (odds ratio (OR): 1.03, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01-1.06, p = 0.029), male (OR: 2.60, 95% CI:1.10-6.04, p = 0.030). The study also found that most of the TCC cases were among black patients, though white patients were four times more likely to present with TCC compared to SCC (OR:4.22, 95% CI: 1.43-12.48, p = 0.009).

Conclusion: Bladder cancer is still widespread in LMICs, with lower HDI, with elderly males being at risk. To aggressively prevent mortality and morbidity from bladder cancer, bladder cancer health awareness must be maintained to improving prevention, as well as early detection, management and comprehensive patient care and health services for bladder cancer patients. These findings highlight the importance of targeted screening and prevention strategies for high-risk groups, particularly older males with a history of smoking.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: As the official publication of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, the Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute (JENCI) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes on the latest innovations in oncology and thereby, providing academics and clinicians a leading research platform. JENCI welcomes submissions pertaining to all fields of basic, applied and clinical cancer research. Main topics of interest include: local and systemic anticancer therapy (with specific interest on applied cancer research from developing countries); experimental oncology; early cancer detection; randomized trials (including negatives ones); and key emerging fields of personalized medicine, such as molecular pathology, bioinformatics, and biotechnologies.
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