Bio-mediated synthesis of Zr2+-doped MoO3 NPs: Its enhanced electrochemical sensing actions, antibacterial and photocatalytic applications

The significant characteristics of Mo_(1–x)Zr_xO₃ nanoparticles (ZMO NPs) make it a potential candidate for assisting excellent electrochemical sensing (Lead and Paracetamol molecules) actions based on the development of modified ZMO NPs. The electrochemical measurements for investigating capacitance and resistance of modified graphite-ZMO NPs electrode under three-electrode system using 0.1 M HCl in the different scan rates of 0.01–0.05 V/s by cyclic-voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) analysis. The different mole ratios of Zr²⁺-doped Mo_xO₃ nanoparticles (x = 3, 5, 7 and 9 mol %) were successfully developed by bio-mediated (Aegle Marmelos leaves) combustion process. The structural measurements of ensuing nanomaterials were systematically characterized through different advanced technologies. The physico-chemical property supports an excellent photocatalytic performance on Bromophenol Blue (BPB) textile industrial dye under irradiation of UV light. The maximum photocatalytic performance of Zr-MoO₃ (7 mol) nanoparticle was recorded (98.7%) on BPB dye than those of host MoO₃ nanoparticle (88.8%) at 105 min, which is supported by its lower kinetic constants 13.1 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Also, the antibacterial activity of synthesized samples were tested against three different bacteria viz; Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus by disk-diffusion method. This investigation supports new insights into the electrochemical sensing actions of various nanoparticles on various drug molecules and toxic pollutants.