在正面斜撞击中，最初的腰带躯干接触对坐在助力器上的 ATD 运动学和动力学的影响。

IF 1.6 3区工程技术 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Traffic Injury Prevention Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1080/15389588.2024.2378380

Gretchen H. Baker , Julie A. Mansfield , John H. Bolte

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：腰带定位助力器上不同的初始腰带躯干接触（即腰带间隙）可能会影响低速规避车辆机动时潜在的肩带滑脱以及正面雪橇测试中动态结果的差异。本研究评估了在正面斜撞击中，初始助力带间隙和安全带配合条件对运动学和动力学结果的影响：方法：使用 Q 系列 6 岁儿童（Q6）和 10 岁儿童（Q10）以及大型全向儿童（LODC）拟人测试装置（ATD）进行了正面斜撞击（正面+15°）雪橇测试（n = 18；23.6 ± 0.1 g，12.4 ± 0.1 ms）。通过在 2 个高靠背 (HB)、3 个低靠背 (LB) 和 1 个低轮廓 (Low) 助推器上对每个 ATD 进行评估，研究了各种初始腰带贴合度和腰带间隙条件。对初始腰带贴合度和腰带间隙进行了量化，并将助力器分为 "间隙较小 "和 "间隙较大 "两种，以便进行比较：结果：与间隙较小的助力器（HB：-12.6 ± 4.4 牛米，LB/Low：-12.4 ± 7.2 牛米）相比，间隙较大的助力器在 LODC 和 Q10 方面产生的腰部 FY 和 MZ 峰值更大（HB：-23.2 ± 8.8 牛米，LB：-23.6 ± 9.7 牛米）。与间隙较小的 LB 助推器（23.8°）相比，间隙较大的 LB 助推器（38.6°）也能观察到峰值轴向躯干旋转，与间隙较小的助推器相比，LODC 在间隙较大的助推器上经历了更大的峰值胸廓旋转。这些结果表明，在间隙较大的助推器上，由于肩带与下躯干之间缺乏初始接触，ATD 的躯干旋转和腰部 MZ 更大。没有ATD经历过肩带完全滑脱的情况；但是，较大间隙的助推器在头部前倾达到峰值时显示出更多肩带外侧定位的视觉证据：这项研究提供了一项新颖的调查，即在正面斜撞击中，最初的安全带贴合度和安全带间隙指标对坐在助力器上的后座缺氧症患者的动态响应所起的作用。间隙较大的助推器允许躯干在肩带对下部躯干提供约束之前发生更大的轴向旋转。肩部旋转的增加可能表明，在更严重的碰撞、斜向机动或乘员初始姿势发生变化时，肩带滑脱的可能性更大。这些结果表明，继续评估助力车提供的初始安全带间隙的影响以及评估腰部 FY 和 MZ 的重要性，是区分不同助力车设计的 ATD 反应差异的有用指标。

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Influence of initial belt torso contact on the kinematics and kinetics of booster-seated ATDs in frontal-oblique impacts

Objective

Varying initial belt torso contact (i.e., belt gap) on belt-positioning boosters may have implications for potential shoulder belt slip-off in low-speed evasive vehicle maneuvers and differences in dynamic outcomes in frontal sled tests. This study evaluated the influence of initial booster belt gap and belt fit conditions on the kinematic and kinetic outcomes during frontal oblique impacts.

Methods

Frontal oblique (+15° from frontal) sled tests (n = 18; 23.6 ± 0.1 g at 12.4 ± 0.1 ms) were conducted using the Q-Series 6-year-old (Q6) and 10-year-old (Q10) and the Large Omni Directional Child (LODC) anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs). Various initial belt fit and belt gap conditions were investigated by evaluating each ATD on 2 high-back (HB), 3 low-back (LB), and 1 low-profile (Low) booster. Initial belt fit and belt gap were quantified, and boosters were categorized as “smaller gap” or “larger gap” for comparison.

Results

Larger-gap boosters produced greater peak lumbar FY and MZ (HB: −23.2 ± 8.8 Nm, LB: −23.6 ± 9.7 Nm) compared to smaller-gap boosters (HB: −12.6 ± 4.4 Nm, LB/Low: −12.4 ± 7.2 Nm) for the LODC and Q10. Peak axial torso rotations were also observed for larger-gap LB (38.6°) compared to smaller-gap LB boosters (23.8°), and the LODC experienced greater peak thoracic rotations on larger-gap boosters compared to smaller-gap boosters. These results suggest that ATDs on larger-gap boosters experienced greater torso rotation and lumbar MZ due to lack of initial contact between the shoulder belt and inferior torso. No ATDs experienced complete shoulder belt slip-off; however, larger-gap boosters displayed more visual evidence of outboard shoulder belt positioning at the time of peak forward head excursion.

Conclusion

This study provides a novel investigation on the role of initial belt fit and belt gap metrics on the dynamic response of booster-seated ATDs in frontal oblique impacts. Larger-gap boosters allowed the torso to undergo greater axial rotation before restraint was provided by the shoulder belt to the lower torso. Increased shoulder rotations may indicate greater propensity for shoulder belt slip-off in more severe crashes, in oblique maneuvers, or with variations in initial occupant posture. These results suggest the importance of continued evaluation of the implications of initial belt gap provided by boosters and the importance of evaluating lumbar FY and MZ and useful metrics for discrimination of differences in ATD response across booster designs.

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来源期刊

Traffic Injury Prevention PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

10.00%

发文量

137

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The purpose of Traffic Injury Prevention is to bridge the disciplines of medicine, engineering, public health and traffic safety in order to foster the science of traffic injury prevention. The archival journal focuses on research, interventions and evaluations within the areas of traffic safety, crash causation, injury prevention and treatment. General topics within the journal''s scope are driver behavior, road infrastructure, emerging crash avoidance technologies, crash and injury epidemiology, alcohol and drugs, impact injury biomechanics, vehicle crashworthiness, occupant restraints, pedestrian safety, evaluation of interventions, economic consequences and emergency and clinical care with specific application to traffic injury prevention. The journal includes full length papers, review articles, case studies, brief technical notes and commentaries.