Ultraviolet-blocking polymers and composites: recent advances and future perspectives

Due to the many negative effects of ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation on human health, material stability, and food deterioration, substantial efforts have been dedicated to the development of UV-blocking materials. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of recent innovations in strategies and mechanisms for creating UV-blocking polymers and composites. Basic models of UV-blocking composites will be mentioned, including those that incorporate organic, inorganic, or polymeric UV filters that exhibit strong UV scattering and/or absorption capability. In addition, strategies to enable UV-blocking properties in pure polymers are discussed in detail, including polymer structure design and surface/in situ chemical modification. We will emphasize the importance of the design of UV absorbing motifs to the ultimate performance in UV-blocking. Eventually, we will elaborate on the significant challenges and new opportunities in this field. This review aims to motivate further innovations in this emerging field of UV-blocking materials.