Accelerating the reaction kinetics of Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2/NF by defect engineering for urea-assisted water splitting

Developing electrocatalysts with fast reaction kinetics for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in the field of sustainable hydrogen production through urea-assisted water splitting remains challenging. Here, Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2 supported on nickel foam (Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2/NF) is prepared via a defect engineering strategy by combining Zn doping and acid etching. Doped Zn species are partially removed, facilitating the formation of NiOOH during the acid etching. Residual Zn species modulate the electronic structure of nickel sites, which intrinsically accelerate the reaction kinetics of Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2/NF. Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2/NF exhibits excellent performances for UOR with a low potential of 1.346 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode to attain 100 mA cm-2, fast reaction kinetics (18.7 mV dec-1), and excellent stability in the alkaline electrolyte. The enhanced reaction kinetics of Ni1-xO/Ni(OH)2/NF are clearly elucidated by operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and in-situ Raman spectra investigations. Our study offers an effective approach to design promising Ni-based UOR catalysts for the practical application of urea-assisted water splitting.