Causes for overestimation of the moisture recycling in an alpine meadow ecosystem of the Shule River Basin, Tibetan Plateau, China

Terrestrial moisture recycling is an essential hydrological component and a significant source of the atmosphere’s humidity budget in arid and semi-arid inland regions. Investigations on moisture recycling using the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes is currently a focal point in hydrologic research. However, the direct quantification of recycling ratio based on isotopic composition of evapotranspiration vapor is lacking. So, this causes challenges to compare studies, based in the same region and time period but with different methodologies. In this study, we measured the isotopic compositions of evapotranspiration vapor (δ¹⁸O_ET/δD_ET) from June to September 2018 in an alpine meadow ecosystem at the Shule River Basin by combining the Keeling plot model and in-situ chamber measurement. Using this data, the moisture recycled rate (mrr) was assessed based on the two-component (Model A) and three-component isotopic mixing models (Model B), respectively. Based on Model A and δ¹⁸O_ET, the analysis revealed that the mean recycled rate for the entire observation period was 35 %, while it was 26 % during the westerly period (the months dominated by the north branch of prevailing westerlies) and 44 % during the monsoon period (when subtropical moisture from the Indian monsoon penetrated the region). The recycled rate based on Model A and δD_ET was slightly larger with a mean value of 41 % during the entire observation period. The recycled rate based on Model B was also significantly higher in comparison with Model A, while the causes for this difference could be the assumption of substituting xylem water for transpiration vapor and the plant water source δD offset. The contribution of recycled moisture was notable lower for heavy rainfall comparing with light rainfall. Our findings provided a new perspective for the investigations of alpine meadow ecosystem hydrological processes.