波河三角洲平原(意大利北部)过去两个世纪中人为造成的地貌变化

IF 3.3 2区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Luigi Bruno , Matteo Meli , Maria Luisa Garberi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高精度的历史地图可以对过去的土地利用和土地覆盖(LULC)进行定量重建,这对于评估人类活动对景观演变的影响至关重要。由拿破仑-波拿巴委托绘制并于 1814 年完成的《费拉雷塞地图》在使用现代参考系进行地理参照后,被用于量化波河三角洲平原在过去两个世纪中发生的土地利用和土地覆被变化。该地图描绘了以湿地(占研究区域的 49%)和农业区(占 41%)为主的古地貌,而森林似乎已基本枯竭(占 5%)。Piantata Padana 是一种传统的农林系统,用活树支撑葡萄藤,占主导地位(占农业区的 62%)。与 2014 年土地利用、土地利用的变化(LULC)地图相比,湿地面积急剧减少(85%),光秃秃的耕地取代了 Piantata Padana,随之而来的是 400 万至 4000 万棵树木被砍伐。以前被湿地占据的地区的土壤显示出较高的有机碳含量,凸显了潮湿地区固碳的潜力。蒸汽泵的引入推动了土地开垦,促进了该地区的经济发展,但同时也通过土壤有机物质的氧化、泵站的能源消耗以及农业中碳氢化合物燃料的广泛使用排放了二氧化碳。虽然波河三角洲平原的城市化程度有限,但该地区如今在很大程度上被人类活动所塑造,农业用地占主导地位,并被密集的排水渠网络所分割。在过去的两个世纪中,波河沿岸平原的地貌变化与世界各地的沿海平原一样,都是由人类活动造成的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Human-induced landscape modification in the in the last two centuries in the Po delta plain (Northern Italy)
Historical maps with high degree of accuracy permit quantitative reconstructions of past land use and land cover (LULC), crucial to assess the impact of human activities on landscape evolution. After georeferencing in a modern reference system, the Carta del Ferrarese commissioned by Napoleon Bonaparte and completed in 1814, has been used to quantify the changes in LULC, occurred in the last two centuries in the Po delta plain. The map depicts a palaeo-landscape dominated by wetlands (49 % of the study area) and agricultural areas (41 %), whereas forests appear already largely depleted (5 %). The Piantata Padana, a traditional agroforestry system with live trees used to support grapevines, is dominant (62 % of the agricultural areas). The comparison with the 2014 LULC map highlights a dramatic reduction (85 %) of wetland areas and the replacement of the Piantata Padana with bare arable lands, with the consequent removal of 4–40 million trees. Soils of areas formerly occupied by wetlands show high organic-carbon content, highlighting the potential of humid areas in carbon sequestration. Land reclaiming, prompted by the introduction of steam pumps, favoured the economic development of the area, but concurred to CO2 emissions through the oxidation of soil organic substances, energy consumption from pumping stations, and the extensive use of hydrocarbon fuels in agriculture. Although urbanisation is limited in the Po delta plain, this area appears nowadays largely shaped by human activities, with the dominance of lands devoted to agriculture, dissected by a dense network of draining channels. The landscape changes recorded in the last two centuries in the Po coastal plain have been uniquely driven by human activities, like in several coastal plains worldwide.
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来源期刊
Anthropocene
Anthropocene Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
27
审稿时长
102 days
期刊介绍: Anthropocene is an interdisciplinary journal that publishes peer-reviewed works addressing the nature, scale, and extent of interactions that people have with Earth processes and systems. The scope of the journal includes the significance of human activities in altering Earth’s landscapes, oceans, the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems over a range of time and space scales - from global phenomena over geologic eras to single isolated events - including the linkages, couplings, and feedbacks among physical, chemical, and biological components of Earth systems. The journal also addresses how such alterations can have profound effects on, and implications for, human society. As the scale and pace of human interactions with Earth systems have intensified in recent decades, understanding human-induced alterations in the past and present is critical to our ability to anticipate, mitigate, and adapt to changes in the future. The journal aims to provide a venue to focus research findings, discussions, and debates toward advancing predictive understanding of human interactions with Earth systems - one of the grand challenges of our time.
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