Jochem Kaas, Marit Verbeek, Wilson W L Li, Stefan M van der Heide, Ad F T M Verhagen, René Monshouwer, Hugo R W Touw, Johan Bussink, Erik van der Bijl, Tim Stobernack
{"title":"早期 NSCLC 治疗对气候的影响:利用生命周期评估对放射治疗和外科手术进行比较。","authors":"Jochem Kaas, Marit Verbeek, Wilson W L Li, Stefan M van der Heide, Ad F T M Verhagen, René Monshouwer, Hugo R W Touw, Johan Bussink, Erik van der Bijl, Tim Stobernack","doi":"10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110601","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare systems contribute significantly to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, accounting for 7 % of emissions in the Netherlands. Understanding the environmental footprint of medical treatments can help identify opportunities for reducing climate impact. We evaluated the climate impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) when treating T1-2N0M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate climate impact in emissions of kilograms of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent. Care trajectories were inventoried for both VATS and SBRT with the same entry and end point of the paths. We analyzed a range of factors contributing to climate impact, such as patient and staff travel, energy consumption, disposables and medication using direct measurements: questionnaires and waste audits, or retrospective record analysis. As is common in LCA, existing infrastructure was excluded from the analysis. Reductions that can be influenced by individual departments were also modeled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using LCA we calculated the impact of all categorized contributions for two treatments for NSCLC. In total, VATS generates approximately 547 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>e), whereas SBRT generates 172 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per treatment. For SBRT, the largest contributors were energy use in the hospital (52 % of total), of which 22 % is from the linac, and patient travel (23 %). For VATS, major contributions were hospital energy use (52 %) and disposables (23 %). Climate impact could be reduced by 20 % (SBRT) by hypofractionation, reduced linac idle time and patient travel impact, and 13 % (VATS) with fast track recovery and a reduction of disposables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When treating T1-2N0M0 NSCLC, surgery has a larger climate impact than SBRT. For both modalities reductions are possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":21041,"journal":{"name":"Radiotherapy and Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Climate impact of early-stage NSCLC treatment: A comparison between radiotherapy and surgery using Life Cycle Assessment.\",\"authors\":\"Jochem Kaas, Marit Verbeek, Wilson W L Li, Stefan M van der Heide, Ad F T M Verhagen, René Monshouwer, Hugo R W Touw, Johan Bussink, Erik van der Bijl, Tim Stobernack\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110601\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare systems contribute significantly to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, accounting for 7 % of emissions in the Netherlands. Understanding the environmental footprint of medical treatments can help identify opportunities for reducing climate impact. We evaluated the climate impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) when treating T1-2N0M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate climate impact in emissions of kilograms of CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent. Care trajectories were inventoried for both VATS and SBRT with the same entry and end point of the paths. We analyzed a range of factors contributing to climate impact, such as patient and staff travel, energy consumption, disposables and medication using direct measurements: questionnaires and waste audits, or retrospective record analysis. As is common in LCA, existing infrastructure was excluded from the analysis. Reductions that can be influenced by individual departments were also modeled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using LCA we calculated the impact of all categorized contributions for two treatments for NSCLC. In total, VATS generates approximately 547 kg CO<sub>2</sub> equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>e), whereas SBRT generates 172 kg CO<sub>2</sub>e per treatment. For SBRT, the largest contributors were energy use in the hospital (52 % of total), of which 22 % is from the linac, and patient travel (23 %). For VATS, major contributions were hospital energy use (52 %) and disposables (23 %). Climate impact could be reduced by 20 % (SBRT) by hypofractionation, reduced linac idle time and patient travel impact, and 13 % (VATS) with fast track recovery and a reduction of disposables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When treating T1-2N0M0 NSCLC, surgery has a larger climate impact than SBRT. For both modalities reductions are possible.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21041,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Radiotherapy and Oncology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Radiotherapy and Oncology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110601\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ONCOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Radiotherapy and Oncology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110601","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ONCOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate impact of early-stage NSCLC treatment: A comparison between radiotherapy and surgery using Life Cycle Assessment.
Introduction: Healthcare systems contribute significantly to CO2 emissions, accounting for 7 % of emissions in the Netherlands. Understanding the environmental footprint of medical treatments can help identify opportunities for reducing climate impact. We evaluated the climate impact of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) when treating T1-2N0M0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Materials and methods: We used life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate climate impact in emissions of kilograms of CO2 equivalent. Care trajectories were inventoried for both VATS and SBRT with the same entry and end point of the paths. We analyzed a range of factors contributing to climate impact, such as patient and staff travel, energy consumption, disposables and medication using direct measurements: questionnaires and waste audits, or retrospective record analysis. As is common in LCA, existing infrastructure was excluded from the analysis. Reductions that can be influenced by individual departments were also modeled.
Results: Using LCA we calculated the impact of all categorized contributions for two treatments for NSCLC. In total, VATS generates approximately 547 kg CO2 equivalent (CO2e), whereas SBRT generates 172 kg CO2e per treatment. For SBRT, the largest contributors were energy use in the hospital (52 % of total), of which 22 % is from the linac, and patient travel (23 %). For VATS, major contributions were hospital energy use (52 %) and disposables (23 %). Climate impact could be reduced by 20 % (SBRT) by hypofractionation, reduced linac idle time and patient travel impact, and 13 % (VATS) with fast track recovery and a reduction of disposables.
Conclusion: When treating T1-2N0M0 NSCLC, surgery has a larger climate impact than SBRT. For both modalities reductions are possible.
期刊介绍:
Radiotherapy and Oncology publishes papers describing original research as well as review articles. It covers areas of interest relating to radiation oncology. This includes: clinical radiotherapy, combined modality treatment, translational studies, epidemiological outcomes, imaging, dosimetry, and radiation therapy planning, experimental work in radiobiology, chemobiology, hyperthermia and tumour biology, as well as data science in radiation oncology and physics aspects relevant to oncology.Papers on more general aspects of interest to the radiation oncologist including chemotherapy, surgery and immunology are also published.