Recent electrochemical applications of Two-Dimensional nanoclays based materials

Naturally-occurring mineral substances called clays are available at a low cost and are ecologically beneficial. These clays are composed of two-dimensional (2D) nanoclays, layered silicates made up of platelets with nanoscale thickness joined together by van der Waals forces. There are various types of nanoclays frequently cited in the literature, such as montmorillonite (MMT), kaolinite, vermiculite (VMT), laponite, and illite. These nanoclays possess distinct physical and chemical characteristics, which make them useful for a variety of applications in scientific and industrial fields. This study includes the development of electrochemical sensors that employ modified electrodes with 2D nanoclays and their composites to detect drugs, diagnose medical conditions, monitor environmental pollutants, and ensure food safety. This article discusses these applications in detail. Furthermore, we explored the uses of 2D nanoclays in various electrochemical applications, such as serving as cathodes in Li-sulfur batteries, separators in batteries and supercapacitors, and acting the role of catalysts in the processes of water electrolysis and oxygen reduction reaction. Finally, we assessed the current challenges related to the use of 2D nanoclays in electrochemistry.