雅诺马米人居住地的气候变化和环境退化:交叉威胁和改进决策的必要性

IF 4.9 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Walter Leal Filho , Yara Martinelli , Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis , Clarissa Rosa , Cassiano Gustavo Messias
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引用次数: 0

摘要

雅诺马米族是巴西北部和委内瑞拉南部的亚马逊土著民族。雅诺马米人被认为是 "最近接触的土著人",与非土著人的首次接触记录在 1910 年至 1940 年之间,有些群体自愿与世隔绝。他们是保持传统生活方式的顽强民族之一,与土地和环境有着紧密的联系。根据现有的一套关于巴西土著民族的文献资料,以专家为主导进行了文献综述,重点关注影响土著土地的重叠威胁,并将收集到的信息与国家空间研究所(INPE)内的巴西亚马逊雨林卫星监测计划(PRODES)的数据进行了三角测量,之后,这篇通讯对雅诺玛米人面临的主要压力和威胁进行了案例分析。这些重叠的威胁表现为结构性和周期性问题,与采掘业非法活动(如伐木和采矿入侵)引发的环境危机、经常性袭击、河水的汞污染、受污染鱼类造成的营养不良、狩猎稀缺以及针对人民(尤其是妇女和儿童)的暴力行为有关。除了这些多重的社会、政治和环境威胁之外,气候变化的影响也对森林居民造成了极大的影响。通过分析森林砍伐、火灾、干旱和其他与气候变化影响相关的极端事件,对巴西政府政策的影响以及实施保护土著土地、亚马逊森林及其守护者的政策的紧迫性进行了思考。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Climate change and environmental degradation in Yanomami People’s Land: Intersectional threats and the need for improved policy-making
The Yanomami are an Amazonian Indigenous people in northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. The Yanomami are considered a ‘recent contact Indigenous People’, with the first contacts with non-indigenous recorded between 1910 and 1940 and with some groups in voluntary isolation. They are one of the resilient peoples that practise their traditional way of life, which involves a strong connection to the land and the environment. Following an expert-driven literature review based on a set of available documentation on the Brazilian Indigenous Peoples, focusing on the overlapping threats that affect Indigenous Lands and triangulating the information collected with data produced on Brazilian Amazon Rainforest Monitoring Program by Satellite (PRODES) within the Space Research National Institute (INPE), this communication presents a case analysis of the main pressures and threats Yanomami People faces. The overlapped threats manifest in structural and cyclical issues, linked to the environmental crisis arising from extractives’ illegal activities, such as logging, and mining invasions, the recurrent attacks, mercury contamination of the river water, malnutrition caused by contaminated fish, scarcity of hunting, and violence committed against the people, especially women and children. Added to these multiple social, political, and environmental threats are the impacts of climate change, which disproportionately affect forest peoples. Deforestation, fires, drought, and other extreme events that are linked to climate change effects are analysed, leading to reflections on Brazilian government policies' influence and on the urgency to implement policies in defence of Indigenous Lands, the Amazon Forest, and its guardians.
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来源期刊
Environmental Science & Policy
Environmental Science & Policy 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
332
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: Environmental Science & Policy promotes communication among government, business and industry, academia, and non-governmental organisations who are instrumental in the solution of environmental problems. It also seeks to advance interdisciplinary research of policy relevance on environmental issues such as climate change, biodiversity, environmental pollution and wastes, renewable and non-renewable natural resources, sustainability, and the interactions among these issues. The journal emphasises the linkages between these environmental issues and social and economic issues such as production, transport, consumption, growth, demographic changes, well-being, and health. However, the subject coverage will not be restricted to these issues and the introduction of new dimensions will be encouraged.
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