在美国,从啮齿动物身上采集到的吸血蜱虫和太平洋蜱虫很少感染巴顿氏菌。

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Ying Bai, Lynn M Osikowicz, Jacoby Clark, Erik Foster, Christina Parise, Sarah Maes, Rebecca J Eisen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:在美国,白头伊蚊和太平洋伊蚊是多种病原体的重要传播媒介。然而,它们在啮齿类动物和跳蚤中常见的巴顿氏杆菌传播中的作用一直存在争议。我们之前对寻找宿主的钝头蜱和太平洋蜱中的巴顿氏菌进行了调查,结果显示蜱体内没有巴顿氏菌,这表明这两个物种不太可能导致巴顿氏菌的传播。目前还不清楚,寻找宿主的蜱虫体内没有巴顿氏菌是由于蜱虫在自然界中没有接触到巴顿氏菌,还是由于蜱虫接触到了巴顿氏菌,但无法获得或经口传播这种细菌。为了评估接触和感染的可能性,我们对从啮齿动物身上采集的伊蚊蜱进行了巴顿氏菌感染检测:方法:对从明尼苏达州和华盛顿州的啮齿类动物身上采集的吸血Ⅰ.胛蜱(n = 792;包括 645 只幼虫和 147 只若虫)、Ⅰ.太平洋蜱(n = 45,均为幼虫)和 Ixodes angustus 蜱(n = 16,包括 11 只幼虫和 5 只若虫)进行了巴顿氏菌检测。采用四重聚合酶链式反应 (PCR) 扩增片段下一代测序方法,针对 gltA、ssrA、rpoB 和 groEL 上的巴顿氏菌特异性片段进行检测。与此同时,研究人员还调查了从同一野外研究中采集的啮齿动物和跳蚤,以比较巴顿氏菌在蜱、跳蚤和啮齿动物中分布的差异:结果:啮齿动物和跳蚤中普遍检测到巴顿氏菌,明尼苏达州的啮齿动物和跳蚤中巴顿氏菌的流行率分别为 25.6%和 36.8%;华盛顿州的啮齿动物和跳蚤中巴顿氏菌的流行率分别为 27.9%和 45.2%。在所有接受检测的蜱虫中,只有一只来自明尼苏达州的I. scapularis幼蜱通过gltA检测到巴顿氏菌DNA:巴顿氏菌在啮齿动物和跳蚤中的高流行率以及巴顿氏菌在吸血蜱中的极低流行率表明,尽管伊科蜱通常会在啮齿动物中遇到巴顿氏菌,但它们很少通过吸血感染巴顿氏菌。值得注意的是,收集到的蜱虫处于啮齿动物取食的不同阶段。需要进行实验室传播研究,以评估完全采食血液的蜱虫的感染率,并评估蜱虫从采食到补血期间感染巴顿氏菌的跨蜱传播效率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bartonella infections are rare in blood-fed Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus ticks collected from rodents in the United States.

Background: Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are important vectors of multiple pathogens in the United States. However, their role in transmission of Bartonella spp., which are commonly reported in rodents and fleas, has been debated. Our previous investigation on Bartonella spp. in host-seeking I. scapularis and I. pacificus showed Bartonella spp. were absent in the ticks, suggesting the two species are unlikely to contribute to Bartonella transmission. It is unclear whether the absence of Bartonella spp. in the host-seeking ticks was attributable to ticks not being exposed to Bartonella in nature or being exposed but unable to acquire or transstadially transmit the bacterium. To assess the likelihood of exposure and acquisition, we tested Ixodes spp. ticks collected from rodents for Bartonella infections.

Methods: Blood-fed I. scapularis ticks (n = 792; consisting of 645 larvae and 147 nymphs), I. pacificus ticks (n = 45, all larvae), and Ixodes angustus ticks (n = 16, consisting of 11 larvae and 5 nymphs) collected from rodents from Minnesota and Washington were tested for Bartonella spp. using a quadruplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicon next-generation sequencing approach that targets Bartonella-specific fragments on gltA, ssrA, rpoB, and groEL. In parallel, rodents and fleas collected from the same field studies were investigated to compare the differences of Bartonella distribution among the ticks, fleas, and rodents.

Results: Bartonella spp. were commonly detected in rodents and fleas, with prevalence of 25.6% in rodents and 36.8% in fleas from Minnesota; 27.9% in rodents and 45.2% in fleas from Washington. Of all tested ticks, Bartonella DNA was detected by gltA in only one larval I. scapularis tick from Minnesota.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of Bartonella spp. in rodents and fleas coupled with extremely low prevalence of Bartonella spp. in blood-fed ticks suggests that although Ixodes ticks commonly encounter Bartonella in rodents, they rarely acquire the infection through blood feeding. Notably, ticks were at various stages of feeding on rodents when they were collected. Laboratory transmission studies are needed to assess acquisition rates in fully blood-fed ticks and to assess transstadial transmission efficiency if ticks acquire Bartonella infections from feeding to repletion.

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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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