Omar Mohamed, Hyeongil Kim, Steven Makowka, Ahmed AlMozayen, Kedith Sawangsri, Rui Li
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Each material comprised translucent (Tr), gradient l (Gr), and dentin (De) layers, with 60 disks per layer. Half were sintered using a standard sintering protocol and half using a speed sintering protocol. Biaxial flexural strength was accessed using a universal testing machine equipped with the Blue Hill Universal software program by following the ISO 6872:2015 standard, with 20 disks per subgroup. The spectrophotometric analysis of optical properties (contrast ratio [CR], translucency parameter [TP], and total transmittance [Tt%]) was performed using a dual-beam spectrophotometer (Ultrascan VIS) in accordance with the ISO 7491:2000 standard, with 10 disks per subgroup. The comparison of the optical properties and the mechanical flexural strength between the speed and standard protocol was analyzed using an unpaired t test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speed sintering reduced biaxial flexural strength in all ZP layers (P<.05) and in ZPE-Gr (P<.05). A statistically significant difference in the CR was observed in the ZP-Tr, ZP-Gr, and ZPE-Gr layers (P<.05). The TP of the ZP-Gr, ZP-De, and ZPE-Gr layers was significantly lower when using the speed sintering protocol. Tt% was significantly lower with speed sintering for both materials (P<.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speed sintering statistically changed both the optical (CR, TP, Tt%) and mechanical (flexural strength) properties of multilayered zirconia materials, but the differences may not be clinically relevant.</p>","PeriodicalId":16866,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Impact of speed sintering on the mechanical and optical properties of multilayered zirconia.\",\"authors\":\"Omar Mohamed, Hyeongil Kim, Steven Makowka, Ahmed AlMozayen, Kedith Sawangsri, Rui Li\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.030\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Statement of problem: </strong>Speed sintering techniques have been introduced to shorten the sintering time of zirconia ceramics, yet their impact on multilayered zirconia properties remains understudied.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of speed sintering on the optical properties and the mechanical flexural strength of multilayered zirconia materials.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A total of 360 disks (Ø14 ±2 mm ×1.2 ±0.02 mm) were fabricated by following the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6872:2015 standard using 2 types of Vita A2 shade multilayered zirconia materials: IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime (ZP) and IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime Esthetic (ZPE). Each material comprised translucent (Tr), gradient l (Gr), and dentin (De) layers, with 60 disks per layer. Half were sintered using a standard sintering protocol and half using a speed sintering protocol. Biaxial flexural strength was accessed using a universal testing machine equipped with the Blue Hill Universal software program by following the ISO 6872:2015 standard, with 20 disks per subgroup. The spectrophotometric analysis of optical properties (contrast ratio [CR], translucency parameter [TP], and total transmittance [Tt%]) was performed using a dual-beam spectrophotometer (Ultrascan VIS) in accordance with the ISO 7491:2000 standard, with 10 disks per subgroup. The comparison of the optical properties and the mechanical flexural strength between the speed and standard protocol was analyzed using an unpaired t test (α=.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Speed sintering reduced biaxial flexural strength in all ZP layers (P<.05) and in ZPE-Gr (P<.05). A statistically significant difference in the CR was observed in the ZP-Tr, ZP-Gr, and ZPE-Gr layers (P<.05). The TP of the ZP-Gr, ZP-De, and ZPE-Gr layers was significantly lower when using the speed sintering protocol. Tt% was significantly lower with speed sintering for both materials (P<.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Speed sintering statistically changed both the optical (CR, TP, Tt%) and mechanical (flexural strength) properties of multilayered zirconia materials, but the differences may not be clinically relevant.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16866,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.030\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.09.030","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的:本体外研究旨在评估高速烧结对多层氧化锆材料的光学性能和机械抗弯强度的影响:按照国际标准化组织(ISO)6872:2015标准,使用2种Vita A2遮光多层氧化锆材料,共制作了360个圆盘(Ø14 ±2 mm ×1.2 ±0.02 mm):IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime (ZP) 和 IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime Esthetic (ZPE)。每种材料都由半透明层(Tr)、渐变层(Gr)和牙本质层(De)组成,每层有 60 个圆盘。一半采用标准烧结方案烧结,一半采用快速烧结方案烧结。按照 ISO 6872:2015 标准,使用配备蓝山通用软件程序的万能试验机检测双轴抗弯强度,每个子组检测 20 个磁盘。根据 ISO 7491:2000 标准,使用双光束分光光度计(Ultrascan VIS)对光学特性(对比度 [CR]、半透明参数 [TP] 和总透射率 [Tt%])进行了分光光度分析,每个子组使用 10 块磁盘。采用非配对 t 检验(α=.05)分析了速度方案和标准方案的光学特性和机械抗弯强度比较:结果:高速烧结降低了所有 ZP 层的双轴抗弯强度(PC 结论:高速烧结降低了 ZP 层的双轴抗弯强度,而标准烧结降低了 ZP 层的双轴抗弯强度):高速烧结在统计学上改变了多层氧化锆材料的光学(CR、TP、Tt%)和机械(抗弯强度)性能,但这些差异可能与临床无关。
Impact of speed sintering on the mechanical and optical properties of multilayered zirconia.
Statement of problem: Speed sintering techniques have been introduced to shorten the sintering time of zirconia ceramics, yet their impact on multilayered zirconia properties remains understudied.
Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of speed sintering on the optical properties and the mechanical flexural strength of multilayered zirconia materials.
Material and methods: A total of 360 disks (Ø14 ±2 mm ×1.2 ±0.02 mm) were fabricated by following the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6872:2015 standard using 2 types of Vita A2 shade multilayered zirconia materials: IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime (ZP) and IPS e.max ZirCAD Prime Esthetic (ZPE). Each material comprised translucent (Tr), gradient l (Gr), and dentin (De) layers, with 60 disks per layer. Half were sintered using a standard sintering protocol and half using a speed sintering protocol. Biaxial flexural strength was accessed using a universal testing machine equipped with the Blue Hill Universal software program by following the ISO 6872:2015 standard, with 20 disks per subgroup. The spectrophotometric analysis of optical properties (contrast ratio [CR], translucency parameter [TP], and total transmittance [Tt%]) was performed using a dual-beam spectrophotometer (Ultrascan VIS) in accordance with the ISO 7491:2000 standard, with 10 disks per subgroup. The comparison of the optical properties and the mechanical flexural strength between the speed and standard protocol was analyzed using an unpaired t test (α=.05).
Results: Speed sintering reduced biaxial flexural strength in all ZP layers (P<.05) and in ZPE-Gr (P<.05). A statistically significant difference in the CR was observed in the ZP-Tr, ZP-Gr, and ZPE-Gr layers (P<.05). The TP of the ZP-Gr, ZP-De, and ZPE-Gr layers was significantly lower when using the speed sintering protocol. Tt% was significantly lower with speed sintering for both materials (P<.05).
Conclusions: Speed sintering statistically changed both the optical (CR, TP, Tt%) and mechanical (flexural strength) properties of multilayered zirconia materials, but the differences may not be clinically relevant.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the leading professional journal devoted exclusively to prosthetic and restorative dentistry. The Journal is the official publication for 24 leading U.S. international prosthodontic organizations. The monthly publication features timely, original peer-reviewed articles on the newest techniques, dental materials, and research findings. The Journal serves prosthodontists and dentists in advanced practice, and features color photos that illustrate many step-by-step procedures. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is included in Index Medicus and CINAHL.