反对强制疫苗接种的理由:从风险强加、逃税、"社会自由 "和生命优先等方面提出的失败论据。

IF 3.3 2区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS
Uwe Steinhoff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

强制或强制接种疫苗的论点必须证明通过注射化学物质永久性地影响人体内部结构来强制侵犯身体完整性是合理的。本文考虑了四种论点。所谓的自由主义论点认为,未接种疫苗的人是一种威胁;因此,接种疫苗的形式可以是对自己和他人的正当防卫。这一论点混淆了物质威胁和统计威胁。在防御前者时允许采取严厉的强制措施,而在预防后者时则不允许。以逃税为由提出的论点声称,可以允许胁迫人们承担其在社区生活中的合理经济负担,并将此比作在面临病毒威胁时分担负担。这一论点未能证明接种疫苗是公平的,尽管有潜在的致命副作用也是允许的,而且与征税足够相似,尽管暂时剥夺金钱与永久剥夺一个人原有的内在身体构造之间存在绝对差异。来自 "社会自由 "的论点声称,强制疫苗接种造成的自由损失只是表面上的,即被相应的自由收益所抵消。这一论点将没有胁迫的自由与有行动选择的自由混为一谈。它没有对前者给予应有的重视,也没有证明人们可能会被迫增加他人的选择。生命优先论将保护生命提升为绝对价值。这是毫无道理的,而且会产生反直觉的影响。如果没有更好的论据,必须反对强制接种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Case against compulsory vaccination: the failed arguments from risk imposition, tax evasion, 'social liberty', and the priority of life.

Arguments for mandatory or compulsory vaccination must justify the coercive infringement of bodily integrity via the injection of chemicals that permanently affect a body's inner constitution. Four arguments are considered. The allegedly libertarian argument declares unvaccinated persons a threat; accordingly, vaccination could take the form of justifiable defence of self and others. This argument conflates material and statistical threats. The harsh coercive measures permissible in defence against the former are not permissible in prevention of the latter. The argument from tax evasion claims that people can be permissibly coerced into bearing their fair financial burdens of community life and likens this to sharing burdens in the face of a viral threat. The argument fails to demonstrate that vaccination would be fair, permissible in spite of potential lethal side-effects, and sufficiently similar to taxation despite the categorical difference between temporary deprivation of money and permanent deprivation of one's original inner bodily constitution. The argument from 'social liberty' claims that the loss of freedom due to mandatory vaccination is only apparent, namely outweighed by corresponding gains in freedom. This argument conflates freedom as the absence of coercion with freedom as the presence of options for action. It fails to give the former its due weight and to demonstrate that persons may be coerced into increasing the options of others. The argument from the priority of life elevates the protection of life to an absolute value. This is unwarranted and leads to counterintuitive implications. Without better arguments, mandatory vaccination must be rejected.

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来源期刊
Journal of Medical Ethics
Journal of Medical Ethics 医学-医学:伦理
CiteScore
7.80
自引率
9.80%
发文量
164
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Medical Ethics is a leading international journal that reflects the whole field of medical ethics. The journal seeks to promote ethical reflection and conduct in scientific research and medical practice. It features articles on various ethical aspects of health care relevant to health care professionals, members of clinical ethics committees, medical ethics professionals, researchers and bioscientists, policy makers and patients. Subscribers to the Journal of Medical Ethics also receive Medical Humanities journal at no extra cost. JME is the official journal of the Institute of Medical Ethics.
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